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Microbiology: Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Stain for Pneumocystis BAL washings

A

Methenamine silver stain and Toluidine blue

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2
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Pneumocystis

A

Hat-shaped cysts in pulmonary specimen which induce plasma cell inflammatory response

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3
Q

Thermal dimorphism in fungi

A

Mold at ambient temperature, Yeasts at 37 deg C

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4
Q

Amanita phalloides (“death cap”) mushroom tocins cause

A

Liver necrosis

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5
Q

Contaminated peanuts and grains cause liver cancer through

A

Aflatoxin B1 of Aspergillus flavus (p53 mutation)

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6
Q

Spores of this organism cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (mimics asthma)

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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7
Q

Fluorescent stain added to KOH preparation for better cell wall appearance of fungi

A

Calcofluor white

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8
Q

The low pH of this culture medium inhibits growth of bacteria

A

Sabouraud agar

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9
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Paracoccidiomycosis, Penicilliosis, Sporotrichosis

A

Yeasts (single or multiple buds)

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10
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Cryptococcocis

A

Yeasts with capsules

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11
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Hyalohyphomycosis (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Trichosporon)

A

Hyphae - septate

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12
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Dermatophytosis

A

Hyphae - septate in skin or nails

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13
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Mucormycosis (Rhizopus, Lichtheimia, Cunninghamella)

A

Hyphae - nonseptate

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14
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Phaeohyphomycosis (Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Exserohilum)

A

Hyphae - septate, brownish cell walls

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15
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Candidiasis

A

Yeasts and pseudohyphae

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16
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Pityriasis versicolor

A

Yeasts and hyphae in skin scrapings

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17
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Coccidiomycoses

A

Spherules

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18
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Chromoblastomycosis

A

Sclerotic cells - brownish cell walls

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19
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Mycetoma

A

Sulfur granules

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20
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Dermatophytosis

A

Arthroconidia in hair

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21
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Hyalohyphomycosis (Aspergillus, Fusarium, etc.)

A

Conidia in pulmonary cavity

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22
Q

Mechanism of resistance, give drug/drug class:

Mutations in microtubule-associated proteins

A

Griseofulvin

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23
Q

Mechanism of resistance, give drug/drug class:

Mutations in the 14-alpha-sterol demethylase enzyme (lanosterol –> ergosterol)

A

Echinocandins (-fungin) (cell wall inhibitors)

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24
Q

Mechanism of resistance, give drug/drug class:

Mutations in fungal squalene epoxidase (squalene –> lanosterol)

A

Terbinafine

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25
Mechanism of resistance, give drug/drug class: | Mutations in HMG-CoA reductase
Amphotericin (direct binding to ergosterol)
26
DNA synthesis inhibitor, fungal drug class
Flucytosine (5-FU?)
27
Ring worms
Dermatophytoses
28
3 important dermatophytes
Miscrosporum canis Tricophyton tonsurans Epidermophyton floccosum
29
Inflammatory reaction to dermatophytosis at a cutaneous site distant from the primary infection
Dermatophytid reactions
30
3 diagnostic tests for dermatophytosis
10% KOH: septate hyphae Sabouraud agar: Hyphae and conidia Green fluorescence on Wood lamp
31
Patches, alopecia, black dots on area of hair loss, cervical lymphadenopathy. Fungal organism?
Trichophyton tonsurans
32
``` Fungi most frequently responsible: Tinea corporis (ringworm) ```
Tricophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum
33
``` Fungi most frequently responsible: Tinea pedis (athelete's foot) ```
Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum
34
``` Fungi most frequently responsible: Tinea cruris (jock itch) ```
Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum
35
Fungi most frequently responsible: | Tinea capitis
Tricophyton tonsurans, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis
36
Fungi most frequently responsible: | Tinea barbae
Tricophyton tonsurans, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Tricophyton verrucosum
37
``` Fungi most frequently responsible: Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) ```
Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum
38
Fungi most frequently responsible: | Dermatophytid (id reaction)
None present on lesion. May become secondarily affected with bacteria
39
Tinea versicolor
Malassezia furfur
40
Lipid degradation product and eventual destruction of melanocytes in tinea versicolor is because of
Azelaic acid
41
Appearance of Malassezia furfur on 10% KOH
Spaghetti and meatballs
42
DOC for tinea versicolor
Miconazole
43
Causes fungemia in premature infants on IV lipid supplements
Malassezia furfur
44
Population, transmission, treatment of Sporotrichosis
Plant a rose in the POT. | Rose gardeners, thorn prick, Potassium iodide or itraconazole
45
Give the mycosis and etiology: Avian starling and bat guano, alkaline soil Global, Ohio and Mississipi River valleys (Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer) Oval yeasts, intracellular in macrophages
Histoplasmosis | Histoplasma capsulatum
46
Give the mycosis and etiology: Soil, rodents Semiarid regions in the West Coast, Central and South America (Grand Canyon) Inhalation of arthrospores --> Spherules, contain endospores
Coccidiodomycosis | Coccidioides posadasii or Coccidioides immitis
47
Give the mycosis and etiology: Riverbanks Mississippi, Ohio, St. Lawrence river valleys, East Coast Thick walled yeasts with broad-based, single buds
Blastomycosis | Blastomyces dermatitidis
48
Give the mycosis and etiology: Soil Central and South America Large, multiply budding yeasts
Paracoccidioidomycosis Paracoccidioides brasilensis PARAcoccidio PARAsails with the captain's wheel all the way to Latin America
49
Dimorphic fungus: mold in soil, spherule in tissue
Coccidioides immitis
50
Influenza-like illness, hilar adenopathy with pulmonary infiltrates, pneumonia, pleural effusion and nodules
Coccidioides immitis
51
Dimorphic fungus: tuberculate macroconidia and microconidia (inhaled, transmitted)
Histoplasma capsulatum
52
Dissemination of systemic mycoses happens in those with
Impaired/defective cell-mediated immunity
53
Inhaled microconidia develop into budding yeast inside macrophages
Histoplasmosis | HIstoplasma HIdes within macrophages
54
Russian doll, inhalation of conidia, broad-based bud
Blastomyces dermatitidis | Blasto Buds Broadly
55
Mariner's wheel = thick yeast with multiple buds in wheel configuration [National fungus of a certain country! Haha]
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis PARAcoccidio PARAsails with the captain's wheel all the way to Latin America
56
Man-hater fungus
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Estrogen and progesterone are inhibitory to growth of this fungus, hence affects mostly men
57
Germ tubes in serum and chlamydo-spores in culture
Candida albicans
58
Candidiasis in immunocompetent
``` Oral thrush Vulvovaginitis (curd-like discharge) Intertrigo Skin infections (satellite lesions) Onychomycosis ```
59
Candidiasis in immunocompromised
Esophagitis Subcutaneous nodules Right-sided endocarditis
60
Pseudomembranous esophagitis
Candida albicans
61
Pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
62
Pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile
63
DOC is amphotericin B, flucytosine, and Chemoprophylaxis is Fluconazole
Cryptococcus neoformans Amphotericin B - Body FluConazole - Cerebral infection
64
Soil containing pigeon droppings, inhalation of airborne yeast cells, oval yeast with wide polysaccharide halo
Cryptococcus neoformans | CALAS: Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System
65
Exists only as a mold with V-shaped branches of septate hyphae, inhaled airborne conidia
Aspergillus fumigatus Think A! Acute Angles in Aspergillus
66
DOC for A. fumigatus
Amphotericin B
67
Infections where A. fumigatus grows
Wounds, burns, cornea, external ear, sinuses
68
Previous TB disease, now with crescent lucency in a cavity on x-ray
Mycetoma/aspergilloma (fungus ball) | May also present with ABPA (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
69
Give the mycosis and etiology: Right angles of nonseptate hyphae without walls, saprophytic molds, parasinusitis with brain abscess, eschar formation, seen in patients with DKA, burns, leukemia
Mucormycosis Rhizopus oryzae Mucor spp.
70
Major surface glycoprotein undergoes programmed rearrangements, inhalation of cysts
Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii)
71
PCP occurs at what CD4 count?
<200 | Most common AIDS-defining illness
72
Causes ARDS, diffuse interstitial pneumonia with ground glass infiltrates in PLHIV
PCP
73
DOC for PCP
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
74
DOC for PCP with sulfa allergy
Atovaquone, Pentamidine, Dapsone

PLE (14 decks)

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