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PLE > Microbiology: Mycology > Flashcards

Microbiology: Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Stain for Pneumocystis BAL washings

A

Methenamine silver stain and Toluidine blue

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2
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Pneumocystis

A

Hat-shaped cysts in pulmonary specimen which induce plasma cell inflammatory response

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3
Q

Thermal dimorphism in fungi

A

Mold at ambient temperature, Yeasts at 37 deg C

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4
Q

Amanita phalloides (“death cap”) mushroom tocins cause

A

Liver necrosis

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5
Q

Contaminated peanuts and grains cause liver cancer through

A

Aflatoxin B1 of Aspergillus flavus (p53 mutation)

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6
Q

Spores of this organism cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (mimics asthma)

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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7
Q

Fluorescent stain added to KOH preparation for better cell wall appearance of fungi

A

Calcofluor white

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8
Q

The low pH of this culture medium inhibits growth of bacteria

A

Sabouraud agar

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9
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Paracoccidiomycosis, Penicilliosis, Sporotrichosis

A

Yeasts (single or multiple buds)

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10
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Cryptococcocis

A

Yeasts with capsules

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11
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Hyalohyphomycosis (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Trichosporon)

A

Hyphae - septate

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12
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Dermatophytosis

A

Hyphae - septate in skin or nails

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13
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Mucormycosis (Rhizopus, Lichtheimia, Cunninghamella)

A

Hyphae - nonseptate

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14
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Phaeohyphomycosis (Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Exserohilum)

A

Hyphae - septate, brownish cell walls

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15
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Candidiasis

A

Yeasts and pseudohyphae

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16
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Pityriasis versicolor

A

Yeasts and hyphae in skin scrapings

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17
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Coccidiomycoses

A

Spherules

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18
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Chromoblastomycosis

A

Sclerotic cells - brownish cell walls

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19
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Mycetoma

A

Sulfur granules

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20
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Dermatophytosis

A

Arthroconidia in hair

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21
Q

Predominant morphology of:

Hyalohyphomycosis (Aspergillus, Fusarium, etc.)

A

Conidia in pulmonary cavity

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22
Q

Mechanism of resistance, give drug/drug class:

Mutations in microtubule-associated proteins

A

Griseofulvin

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23
Q

Mechanism of resistance, give drug/drug class:

Mutations in the 14-alpha-sterol demethylase enzyme (lanosterol –> ergosterol)

A

Echinocandins (-fungin) (cell wall inhibitors)

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24
Q

Mechanism of resistance, give drug/drug class:

Mutations in fungal squalene epoxidase (squalene –> lanosterol)

A

Terbinafine

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25
Q

Mechanism of resistance, give drug/drug class:

Mutations in HMG-CoA reductase

A

Amphotericin (direct binding to ergosterol)

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26
Q

DNA synthesis inhibitor, fungal drug class

A

Flucytosine (5-FU?)

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27
Q

Ring worms

A

Dermatophytoses

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28
Q

3 important dermatophytes

A

Miscrosporum canis
Tricophyton tonsurans
Epidermophyton floccosum

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29
Q

Inflammatory reaction to dermatophytosis at a cutaneous site distant from the primary infection

A

Dermatophytid reactions

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30
Q

3 diagnostic tests for dermatophytosis

A

10% KOH: septate hyphae
Sabouraud agar: Hyphae and conidia
Green fluorescence on Wood lamp

31
Q

Patches, alopecia, black dots on area of hair loss, cervical lymphadenopathy. Fungal organism?

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

32
Q 
Fungi most frequently responsible:
Tinea corporis (ringworm)
A

Tricophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum

33
Q 
Fungi most frequently responsible:
Tinea pedis (athelete's foot)
A

Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum

34
Q 
Fungi most frequently responsible:
Tinea cruris (jock itch)
A

Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum

35
Q

Fungi most frequently responsible:

Tinea capitis

A

Tricophyton tonsurans, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis

36
Q

Fungi most frequently responsible:

Tinea barbae

A

Tricophyton tonsurans, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Tricophyton verrucosum

37
Q 
Fungi most frequently responsible:
Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
A

Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum

38
Q

Fungi most frequently responsible:

Dermatophytid (id reaction)

A

None present on lesion. May become secondarily affected with bacteria

39
Q

Tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

40
Q

Lipid degradation product and eventual destruction of melanocytes in tinea versicolor is because of

A

Azelaic acid

41
Q

Appearance of Malassezia furfur on 10% KOH

A

Spaghetti and meatballs

42
Q

DOC for tinea versicolor

A

Miconazole

43
Q

Causes fungemia in premature infants on IV lipid supplements

A

Malassezia furfur

44
Q

Population, transmission, treatment of Sporotrichosis

A

Plant a rose in the POT.

Rose gardeners, thorn prick, Potassium iodide or itraconazole

45
Q

Give the mycosis and etiology:
Avian starling and bat guano, alkaline soil
Global, Ohio and Mississipi River valleys (Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer)
Oval yeasts, intracellular in macrophages

A

Histoplasmosis

Histoplasma capsulatum

46
Q

Give the mycosis and etiology:
Soil, rodents
Semiarid regions in the West Coast, Central and South America (Grand Canyon)
Inhalation of arthrospores –> Spherules, contain endospores

A

Coccidiodomycosis

Coccidioides posadasii or Coccidioides immitis

47
Q

Give the mycosis and etiology:
Riverbanks
Mississippi, Ohio, St. Lawrence river valleys, East Coast
Thick walled yeasts with broad-based, single buds

A

Blastomycosis

Blastomyces dermatitidis

48
Q

Give the mycosis and etiology:
Soil
Central and South America
Large, multiply budding yeasts

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioides brasilensis

PARAcoccidio PARAsails with the captain’s wheel all the way to Latin America

49
Q

Dimorphic fungus: mold in soil, spherule in tissue

A

Coccidioides immitis

50
Q

Influenza-like illness, hilar adenopathy with pulmonary infiltrates, pneumonia, pleural effusion and nodules

A

Coccidioides immitis

51
Q

Dimorphic fungus: tuberculate macroconidia and microconidia (inhaled, transmitted)

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

52
Q

Dissemination of systemic mycoses happens in those with

A

Impaired/defective cell-mediated immunity

53
Q

Inhaled microconidia develop into budding yeast inside macrophages

A

Histoplasmosis

HIstoplasma HIdes within macrophages

54
Q

Russian doll, inhalation of conidia, broad-based bud

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Blasto Buds Broadly

55
Q

Mariner’s wheel = thick yeast with multiple buds in wheel configuration [National fungus of a certain country! Haha]

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

PARAcoccidio PARAsails with the captain’s wheel all the way to Latin America

56
Q

Man-hater fungus

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Estrogen and progesterone are inhibitory to growth of this fungus, hence affects mostly men

57
Q

Germ tubes in serum and chlamydo-spores in culture

A

Candida albicans

58
Q

Candidiasis in immunocompetent

A 
Oral thrush
Vulvovaginitis (curd-like discharge)
Intertrigo
Skin infections (satellite lesions)
Onychomycosis
59
Q

Candidiasis in immunocompromised

A

Esophagitis
Subcutaneous nodules
Right-sided endocarditis

60
Q

Pseudomembranous esophagitis

A

Candida albicans

61
Q

Pseudomembranous pharyngitis

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

62
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clostridium difficile

63
Q

DOC is amphotericin B, flucytosine, and Chemoprophylaxis is Fluconazole

A

Cryptococcus neoformans
Amphotericin B - Body
FluConazole - Cerebral infection

64
Q

Soil containing pigeon droppings, inhalation of airborne yeast cells, oval yeast with wide polysaccharide halo

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

CALAS: Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System

65
Q

Exists only as a mold with V-shaped branches of septate hyphae, inhaled airborne conidia

A

Aspergillus fumigatus
Think A!
Acute Angles in Aspergillus

66
Q

DOC for A. fumigatus

A

Amphotericin B

67
Q

Infections where A. fumigatus grows

A

Wounds, burns, cornea, external ear, sinuses

68
Q

Previous TB disease, now with crescent lucency in a cavity on x-ray

A

Mycetoma/aspergilloma (fungus ball)

May also present with ABPA (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)

69
Q

Give the mycosis and etiology:
Right angles of nonseptate hyphae without walls, saprophytic molds, parasinusitis with brain abscess, eschar formation, seen in patients with DKA, burns, leukemia

A

Mucormycosis
Rhizopus oryzae
Mucor spp.

70
Q

Major surface glycoprotein undergoes programmed rearrangements, inhalation of cysts

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii)

71
Q

PCP occurs at what CD4 count?

A

<200

Most common AIDS-defining illness

72
Q

Causes ARDS, diffuse interstitial pneumonia with ground glass infiltrates in PLHIV

A

PCP

73
Q

DOC for PCP

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

74
Q

DOC for PCP with sulfa allergy

A

Atovaquone, Pentamidine, Dapsone

PLE (14 decks)

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