1. Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis (with prominent bulbar involvement) 2. Absence of fever 3. Intact sensorium

Microbiology: Bacteriology Flashcards by Yssa Idolor

Which staphylococci are novobiocin sensitive?

NO StRES

Novobiocin
Saprophyticus - Resistant
Epidermidis - Sensitive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which streptococci are bacitracin sensitive?

B-BRAS

Bacitracin
Group B - Resistant
Group A - Sensitive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Jones Criteria for Acute Rheumatic Fever (Major)

Si Jones may PECCS

Polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum
Chorea (Syndenham)
Carditis (pancarditis)
Subcutaneous nodules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Optochin sensitive Streptococci

OVeRPaSs

Optochin
Viridans -Resistant
Pneumoniae - Sensitive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Quellung reaction?

Swelling of the S. pneumo capsule

Quellung = Swellung

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Enumerate the Encapsulated Bacteria

Some Killers Have Pretty Nice and Shiny Bodies

S. pneumoniae
K. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
P. aeruginosa
N. meningitidis
S. typhi
B Group Streptococci

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which streptococci are bile and optochin resistant?

Viridans (S. mutans and S. sanguis) streptococci live in the mouth because they are NOT AFRAID OF THE CHIN (op-to-chin)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Triad of Botulism

Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis (with prominent bulbar involvement)
Absence of fever
Intact sensorium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The typical progression of symptoms (in order of appearance) in a botulinum neurotoxin poisoning patient

Dozen D’s

Dry mouth
Diplopia
Dilated pupils
Droopy eyes
Droopy face
Diminished gag reflex
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Dysphonia
Difficulty lifting the head
Descending paralysis
Diaphragmatic paralysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clostridium species and their diseases

C. TETani = Tetanic paralysis
C. BOTulinum = Botulism from bad BOTtles of food
C. PERFringens = PERForates a gangrenous leg (gas gangrene)
C. DIfficile = DIarrhea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ABCDEFG of Diphtheria

ADP-ribosylation
Beta-prophage
Corynebacterium
Diphtheriae
Elongation factor-2
Granules (metachromatic)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ABCDE of Beta-Prophage encoded toxins of C. diphtheriae

ShigA-like toxins (EHEC)
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Erythrogenic toxin (S. pyogenes)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gram negative cocci differentiation

Neisseria MeninGitidis
ferments both Maltose and Glucose

Neisseria GOnorrheae
ferments Glucose Only

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Human bite infections and culture-negative subacute bacterial endocarditis in patients with pre-existing heart disease

HACEK Organisms

nagha-HACEK ng lagim sa may mga sakit sa puso

Haemophilus aphrophilus
Actinobacillus actinomycetecomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compare epiglottitis with laryngotracheobronchitis
Etiology
Radiographic sign
Treatment

HiB
thumb sign
Ceftriaxone

Parainfluenza 1 & 2
steeple sign
Aerosolized racemic epinephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

H. influenzae causes

HaEMOPhilus influenzae causes

Epiglottitis
Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Facultative Intracellular Bacteria

Some Bugs May Live FactultativeLY
Salmonella
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersinia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Top 3 bacterial causes of neonatal meningitis

BEL has neonatal meningitis

B Group streptococci (S. agalactiae)
E. coli* (most common cause of community-acquired UTI)
L. monocytogenes

*Globally, but in the Philippines, E. coli is the most common cause. Assume global unless otherwise stated.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Grown on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar

E. coli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lactose Fermenters

LaCtose is KEE. Grown in MacConKEE agar.
Citrobacter
Klebsiella
Escherichia coli 
Enterobacter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Enumerate Enterobacteriaceae

Think MESSY SPECK

Morganella
Escherichia
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersinia

Serratia
Proteus
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Klebsiella

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of Enterobacteria

Enterobacteria drink COFFEe!

Capsular antigen (K)
O antigen (Lipopolysaccharide)
Flagellar antigen (H)
Ferments glucose
Enterobacteriaceae

Components of E.coli HUS

EHEC

Hemolytic anemia
Uremia
Thrombocytopenia

Intestinal infections of E. coli and their respective strains

Enterotoxigenic - ETEC - Traveller’s diarrhea
Enteropathogenic - EPEC - Pediatric, Philippines (developing countries)
Enterohemorrhagic - EHEC/STEC - HUS (Serotype O157:H7)
Enteroinvasive - EIEC - Invasive, also bloody diarrhea like EHEC
Enteroadherent - EAEC - AIDS

Osteomyelitis in specific conditions are caused by which organisms? Burns IVDA SCA

Burns - P. aeruginosa IV drug abusers - S. aureus, P. aeruginosa Sickle cell anemia - Salmonella choleraesuis

Shigella transmission

``` 4Fs Food Fingers Feces Flies ```

Only thing that grows on Skirrow's agar, most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis

C. jejuni

What are the symptoms of C. jejuni-induced reactive arthritis?

Reiter's syndrome Can't pee - urethritis Can't see - uveitis Can't climb a tree - arthritis Also seen in C. trachomatis infection

What kind of bacteria is P. aeruginosa?

Pseudomonas AERuginosa is an obligate AERobe.

Most common causes of nosocomial UTIs

3. P. aeruginosa

Common zoonoses and their respective animal reservoirs

Bugs From Your Pets Brucella abortus - Bruce the cow Francisella tularensis - Francis the rabbit Yersinia pestis - Yeye the rat Pasteurella multocida - Papa the cat

Characteristics of Brucellosis

Unpasteurized dairy products give you Undulating fever.

Most virulent bacteria

Yersinia pestis | Causes bubonic, pulmonic and septicemic plague

More dangerous form of leprosy

LEpromatous leprosy is LEthal.

Antibiotics for Actinomycetes

SNAP Sulfa for Nocardia, for Actinomyces, use Penicillin.

Smallest free-living organism

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Causes painful genital chancroid

H. ducreyi In chancroid, you ducreyi in pain!

Prostitute's pupil

T. pallidum, tertiary syphilis Argyll-Robertson pupil Accommodation reflex present Pupillary reflex absent

FTA-ABS characteristics

Find the Antibody - ABSolutely Most specific for T. pallidum Earliest positive test Remains positive the longest

Causes of False Positive VDRL Results

V-D-R-L Viruses - EBV and Hepatitis Drugs - marijuana Rheumatic fever, Rheumatoid arthritis Lupus, Leprosy

Influenza-like symptoms that occurs just hours after initiation of starting therapy for spirochetes

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction Lysis of treponemes or leptospira after initiation of therapy

Largest medically important bacteria

B. burgdorferi

Lyme disease SSx

BAKE a key Lyme pie. Bell palsy Arthritis Kardiac block Erythema chronicum migrans

What are the obligate intracellular bacteria?

They stay inside when it is Really Cold Rickettsiae Chlamydia

Forms of Chlamydia

Elementary body = Enfectious, Enters cell via Endocytosis | Reticulate body = Replicates in cell by fission

Most common STD

Chlamydia

Trachoma characteristics

Trachoma Types ABC Africa Blindness Chronic infection

What causes pneumonia with accelerated atherosclerosis?

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Treatment of chlamydia species

C. trachomatis types D-K STD - Azithromycin Conjunctivitis - Erythromycin C. trachomatis types L1-L3 Lymphogranuloma venereum - Doxycycline C. psittaci Psittacosis - Azithromycin

2 most important Rickettsiae

Rickettsia rickettsii - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (10-25% mortality) Coxiella burnetti - Q fever (65% mortality)

Bartonella henselae causes

Cat-scratch fever in immunocompetent | Bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised

Causes mesenteric adenitis (pseudoappendicitis)

Yersinia enterocolitica

Causes granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis), also forms pseudobuboes

Klebsiella granulomatis

Clue cells, positive whiff test

Gardnerella vaginalis (causes bacterial vaginosis)