Microbiology Drugs Flashcards
antimicrobial at disrupts cell membrane integrity
Daptomycin (gram +)
Polymixins (gram –)
Antimicrobial that disrupts cell wall synthesis via peptidoglycans
Vancomycin and Bacitracin
aka glycopeptides
Antimicrobial that disrupts cell wall synthesis via peptidoglycan cross-linking
Penicillins Antipseudomonals Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams
Disrupts protein synthesis by binding 30s Ribosome in microbes
Aminoglycosides
Glycyclcyclines (Tigecycline)
Tetracyclines
Disrupts protein synthesis by binding 50s Ribosome in microbes (5)
Streptogramins clindamycin chloramphenicol Macrolides (Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin) Linezolid
SCC(E)L at 50
Disrupts microbial DNA integrity via free radicals
metronidazole
Disrupts microbial mRNA synthesis via RNA polymerase (2)
Rifampin
Rifabutin
Disrupts microbial DNA synthesis via Gyrase (Topoisomerase IV)
Fluoroquinilones
Quinolone (Nalidixic acid)
Blocks Mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacteria
isoniazid
Blocks mRNA synthesis via DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in mycobacteria
Rifabutin
Rifampin
Unclear intracellular mechanism
Pyrazinamide
Blocks Arabanogalactan synthesis via arabinosyl transferase in mycobacteria
Ethambutol
Inhibits fungal enzyme, squalene epoxidase, blocking lanosterol synthesis
Terbinafine
Inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of Beta Glucan
Echinocandins (–fungins)
Binds fungal ergosterol forming pores that disrupt cell membrane integrity allowing the leakage of electrolytes
Amphotericin B
Nyastatin
Inhibits fungal DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion of 5FU to cytosine deaminase
Flucytosine
Inhibits fungal Thymidine Kinase and binds mRNA causing missense protein mutations
Flucytosine
Inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting Cytochrome P450 which converts lanosterol to ergosterol via methylation
–Azoles
Disrupt release of progeny virus
Neuroaminidase inhibitors
Oseltamavir, Zanamivir
Disrupt Nucleic acid synthesis via Guanosine analogs (2)
Acyclovir (HSV, VZV)
Ganciclovir (CMV)
Disrupt Nucleic acid synthesis via viral DNA polymerase inhibitors (2)
Cidofovir, Foscarnet
CMV, HSV is acyclovir resistant
Disrupt Nucleic acid synthesis via Guanine Nucleotide Synthesis
Ribavirin (RSV, HCV)
Inhibit HIV attachment
Maraviroc
Inhibit HIV penetration
Enfuviritide
Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase
NNRTIs (3)
Delaviridine
Efavirenz
Nevirapine
Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase
NRTIs (7)
Abacavir Didanosine Emtricitabine Lamivudine Stavudine Tenofovir Zidovudine
Inhibit HIV Integrase
–gravir suffix
Inhibit HIV Protease from processing/packaging progeny
–Navir suffix
______ is an analog of pyrophosphate that can chelate calcium and promote nephrotoxic renal magnesium wasting. These toxicities can result in hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, which can cause _____.
Foscarnet
seizures
Beta-lactamase inhibitors like ______ (3) prevent beta-lactamase from inactivating penicillin class drugs, which extends the spectrum of their activity.
clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
resistance to carbapenems can occur due to carbapenemase, which is primarily seen in ____ species.
Enterobacter
a compound that decreases the renal clearance of penicillins by inhibiting the tubular organic acid secretion system. This agent has been utilized to prolong the action of penicillin in some settings
Probenecid
