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PHARM > Microbiology Drugs > Flashcards

Microbiology Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

antimicrobial at disrupts cell membrane integrity

A

Daptomycin (gram +)

Polymixins (gram –)

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2
Q

Antimicrobial that disrupts cell wall synthesis via peptidoglycans

A

Vancomycin and Bacitracin

aka glycopeptides

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3
Q

Antimicrobial that disrupts cell wall synthesis via peptidoglycan cross-linking

A 
Penicillins
Antipseudomonals
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
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4
Q

Disrupts protein synthesis by binding 30s Ribosome in microbes

A

Aminoglycosides
Glycyclcyclines (Tigecycline)
Tetracyclines

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5
Q

Disrupts protein synthesis by binding 50s Ribosome in microbes (5)

A 
Streptogramins
clindamycin
chloramphenicol
Macrolides (Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin)
Linezolid

SCC(E)L at 50

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6
Q

Disrupts microbial DNA integrity via free radicals

A

metronidazole

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7
Q

Disrupts microbial mRNA synthesis via RNA polymerase (2)

A

Rifampin

Rifabutin

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8
Q

Disrupts microbial DNA synthesis via Gyrase (Topoisomerase IV)

A

Fluoroquinilones

Quinolone (Nalidixic acid)

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9
Q

Blocks Mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacteria

A

isoniazid

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10
Q

Blocks mRNA synthesis via DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in mycobacteria

A

Rifabutin

Rifampin

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11
Q

Unclear intracellular mechanism

A

Pyrazinamide

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12
Q

Blocks Arabanogalactan synthesis via arabinosyl transferase in mycobacteria

A

Ethambutol

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13
Q

Inhibits fungal enzyme, squalene epoxidase, blocking lanosterol synthesis

A

Terbinafine

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14
Q

Inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of Beta Glucan

A

Echinocandins (–fungins)

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15
Q

Binds fungal ergosterol forming pores that disrupt cell membrane integrity allowing the leakage of electrolytes

A

Amphotericin B

Nyastatin

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16
Q

Inhibits fungal DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion of 5FU to cytosine deaminase

A

Flucytosine

17
Q

Inhibits fungal Thymidine Kinase and binds mRNA causing missense protein mutations

A

Flucytosine

18
Q

Inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting Cytochrome P450 which converts lanosterol to ergosterol via methylation

A

–Azoles

19
Q

Disrupt release of progeny virus

A

Neuroaminidase inhibitors

Oseltamavir, Zanamivir

20
Q

Disrupt Nucleic acid synthesis via Guanosine analogs (2)

A

Acyclovir (HSV, VZV)

Ganciclovir (CMV)

21
Q

Disrupt Nucleic acid synthesis via viral DNA polymerase inhibitors (2)

A

Cidofovir, Foscarnet

CMV, HSV is acyclovir resistant

22
Q

Disrupt Nucleic acid synthesis via Guanine Nucleotide Synthesis

A

Ribavirin (RSV, HCV)

23
Q

Inhibit HIV attachment

A

Maraviroc

24
Q

Inhibit HIV penetration

A

Enfuviritide

25
Q

Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase

NNRTIs (3)

A

Delaviridine
Efavirenz
Nevirapine

26
Q

Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase

NRTIs (7)

A 
Abacavir
Didanosine
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Stavudine
Tenofovir
Zidovudine
27
Q

Inhibit HIV Integrase

A

–gravir suffix

28
Q

Inhibit HIV Protease from processing/packaging progeny

A

–Navir suffix

29
Q

______ is an analog of pyrophosphate that can chelate calcium and promote nephrotoxic renal magnesium wasting. These toxicities can result in hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, which can cause _____.

A

Foscarnet

seizures

30
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors like ______ (3) prevent beta-lactamase from inactivating penicillin class drugs, which extends the spectrum of their activity.

A

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

31
Q

resistance to carbapenems can occur due to carbapenemase, which is primarily seen in ____ species.

A

Enterobacter

32
Q

a compound that decreases the renal clearance of penicillins by inhibiting the tubular organic acid secretion system. This agent has been utilized to prolong the action of penicillin in some settings

A

Probenecid

PHARM (11 decks)

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