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PHARM > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Induces free radical formation to break DNA strands

Anti-tumor antibiotic

A

Bleomycin

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2
Q

Intercalates into DNA preventing RNA synthesis

Anti-tumor antibiotic

A

Dactinomycin

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3
Q

Generates free radicals and intercalates into DNA to break DNA as well as interfere with Topoisomerase II
Anti-tumor antibiotic

A

Anthracyclines

–rubicins

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4
Q

Prevents IL-2 transcription; Binds Cyclophilin. Inhibits Calcineurin. Immunosuppresant

A

Cyclosporin

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5
Q

Prevents IL-2 transcription; binds FK506/ FKBP; inhibits Calcineurin. Immunosuppresant

A

Tacrolismus

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6
Q

mTOR inhibitor; binds FKBP; Prevents IL-2 response. Immunosuppresant

A

Sirolismus

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7
Q

Blocks the IL-2 Receptor directly

Immunosuppresant

A

Basiliximab

Daclizumab

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8
Q

Blocks Nucleotide synthesis (purines) thus inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation. Immunosuppresant

A

Azothiprine

6MP

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9
Q

Reversibly inhibits IMP DHAse preventing purine synthesis of B & T cells. Immunosuppresant

A

Mycophenolate Mofetil

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10
Q

Inhibits NFKB to reduce the transcription of cytokines. Induces T cell and Eosinophil apoptosis. Immunosuppresant.

A

Glucocorticoids

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11
Q

Antibody that targets:

Platelet GPIIb/IIIa

A

ABCiximab

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12
Q

Antibody that targets:

Rank-L

A

Denosumab

helps preserve bone dnesity

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13
Q

Antibody that targets:

IgE

A

Omalizumab

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14
Q

Antibody that targets:

RSV F protein

A

Palivizumab

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15
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
TNF- alpha
RA, IBD, Psoriasis

A

Infliximab

adalimumab

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16
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
C5 complement
Paroxysomal Nocturnal Hemeglobinuria

A

Eculizumab

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17
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
IL-17A
Psoriasis

A

IxeKizumab

secukinumab

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18
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
Alpha-4 Integrin
MS, IBD (PML risk)

A

Natalizumab

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19
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
IL-12/IL-23
Psoriasis

A

Ustekinumab

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20
Q

Cancer therapy antibody that targets:
CD52
CLL, MS

A

Alemtuzumab

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21
Q

Cancer therapy antibody that targets:
VEGF
RCC, Colon Cancer, Lung cancer

A

Bevisizumab

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22
Q

Cancer therapy antibody that targets:
CD20
CLL, MS, RA, Non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas

A

Rituximab

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23
Q

Cancer therapy antibody that targets:
HER2
Breast/GI cancer

A

Trastuzumab

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24
Q

General Type I DM treatment

A

Insulin

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25
Q

General Type II DM treatment

A

Metformin (1st line) Weight loss, Non-Insulin injectables, Insulin

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26
Q

Gestational DM

A

Nutrition/ Exercise (1st line)

Insulin Replacement

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27
Q

For DKA & stress hyperglycemia use

A

Rapid acting insulin

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28
Q

mnemonic for DM drugs

A

To Normalize Pancreatic Function

Glit, Glin, Glip, Glif

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29
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin that peaks in and Hour

3

A

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
(no LAG)

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30
Q

Regular Short acting insulin peaks at ___ hours

A

2–3

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31
Q

Intermediate acting insulin that peaks at 4–10 hours

A

NPH

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32
Q

Long acting insulin with no real peak

A

Determine, Glargine

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33
Q

Adverse Effects include
Weight Gain
Hypoglycemia
Lipodystrophy

A

Insulin

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34
Q

inhibits mGPD to ↓ Gluconeogenesis & Glucagon.

↑ Glycolysis & Insulin

A

Metformin (Biguanides)

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35
Q

Activates PPAR- GAMMA to ↑ insulin sensitivity/ adiponectin

A

–Glitazones

Glitazones–Gamma

36
Q

Close K+ channels in pancreatic Beta cells to depolarize and ↑ insulin secretion via Calcium influx

A

Sulfonyureas
(1:Chlopropamide, Tolbutamide)
(2: Glipizide, GLyburide)
Meglitinides (–glinides)

37
Q

↓ Glucagon & Gastric emptying

↑ Glucose DEPENDENT insulin release

A

GIP-1 analogs
Exenatide
Liraglutide

38
Q

Inhibit DPP4 enzymes
↓ GIP-1 causing ↓ Glucagon & gastric emptying
↑ Glucose DEPENDENT insulin release

A

–Gliptins

39
Q

Block Glucose reabsorption in the PCT

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

–Gliflozin

40
Q

Inhibit intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidase to ↓ glucose absorption & post-meal hyperglycemia

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

41
Q

↓ Glucagon release & Gastric Emptying

Amylin Analog

A

Pramlintide

42
Q 
Use with/ Caution in Renal Insufficiency 
Diabetes Drugs (4)
A

Metformin
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Sulfonylureas
–Glinides

43
Q

Diabetes drugs contraindicated in Renal Insufficiency

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

44
Q

Diabetes Drugs
causes B12 deficiency
Lactic Acidosis

A

Metformin

45
Q

Diabetes Drugs

causing weight gain

A

–Glitazones
–Glinides
Sulfonylureas

46
Q

Diabetes Drugs

causing weight loss

A

Metformin
Exenatide, Liraglutide
–Gliflozins

47
Q

Diabetes Drugs

Efficacy ↓ with ↓ GFR

A

–Gliflozins

48
Q

Diabetes Drugs

causes Edema, HF, fractures

A

–Glitazones

49
Q

Diabetes Drug

causes Disulfram like reaction

A

Chlorpromide

Tolbutamide

50
Q

Diabetes Drugs

causes ↑ risk of MI & Cardiovascular death

A

Rosiglitazone

51
Q

Diabetes drug causes hypoglycemia

A

–Glinides
Sulfonylureas
Pramlintide

52
Q

Diabetes drugs that cause
UTIs
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Orthostatic Hypotension (fall risk)

A

–Gliflozins

53
Q

↓ Aqueous humor synthesis. Beta blockers (3)

A

Timolol
Betaxolol
Carteolol

54
Q

↓ Aqueous humor synthesis via vasoconstriction. Alpha agonist

A

Epinephrine

55
Q

↓ Aqueous humor synthesis. Alpha agonist

A

Apraclonidine

Brimonidine

56
Q

↓ Aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase

A

Acetazolamide

57
Q

↑ Aqueous humor outflow via contraction of ciliary muscles. N3 Cholinomimetics.

A

Direct: Pilocarpine
Indirect: Physostigmine, Echothiophate

58
Q

↑ Aqueous humor outflow via ↓ resistance to flow through the uveoscleral canal via prostaglandins

A

Latanoprost

Bimatoprost

59
Q

Darkens the color of the Iris & ↑ eyelash growth

A

Latanoprost

Bimatoprost

60
Q

↑ PPAR- ALPHA ↑ Lipoprotein lipase ↑ TG clearance
↑ risk of Gallstones
↑ Cholesterol ↓ Bile acid production

A

–FIbrates

Gemfirozil

61
Q

The insulin receptor is a ____ receptor which induces autophosphorylation

A

Transmembrane Tyrosine Kinase

62
Q

Insulin __ glucose reabsorption and glycolysis

A

↑

63
Q

Stimulates pancreatic Beta cells to release secretory granules

A

Glimiperide

Sulfonylurea

64
Q

Inhibits alpha glucosidase (breaks down of carbohydrate dissacharides) resulting in ↓ glucose absorption

A

Acarbose (good post meal control)

65
Q

1st line oral hypoglycemic agent inhibit mitochondrial Glycerolphosphate DHase & ↓ gluconeogenesis

A

Metfromin

66
Q

Metfromin is contraindicated in renal failure and

A

Heart Failure

67
Q

↑ adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, omentin) transcription

A

Pioglitazone

68
Q

Hydrolyzes dipeptides bonds on polypeptides

Diabetes drugs

A

–Gliptins

69
Q

Glucose clearance approximately =’s GFR when there is ____ glucose reabsorption

A

zero

SGLT2 inhibitors

70
Q

Ach Esterase inhibitor ↑ Ach.
1st line treatment for Alzheimer disease.
May cause Insomnia

A

Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantine

71
Q

NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist; helps prevent excitotoxicity (mediated by calcium)

A

Memantine

*AE: Hallucination

72
Q

↓ Neuronal Gultamate excitotoxicity.

↑ SURVIVAL

A

Riluzole

ALS- Lou Gerig’s

73
Q

Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) causing ↓ Dopamine vesicle packaging and release

A

Tertrabenazine

Huntington Chorea/ Dyskinesia

74
Q

Parkinson drug

Dopamine Agonist

A

Bromocriptine, Ropinirole, Pramipexole

75
Q

↑ Dopamine release
↓ Dopamine re-uptake
Enhances effects of Dopamine

A

Amantadine

76
Q

Dopamine agonist that can also be used for Hyperprolactinemia

A

Bromocriptine

77
Q

Dopamine agonist that has a long half life & delays the need to start Levodopa (thus postponing motor symptoms)

A

Bromocriptine

78
Q

Blocks peripheral conversion of L-Dopa to Dopamine by inhibiting DOPA carboxylase.
(Reduces N/V symptoms)

A

Carbidopa

+ L-Dopa

79
Q

Agents prevent peripheral (Pre-BBB) L-Dopa degradation to ↑ central L-Dopa

A

Levodopa
Carbidopa
Entacapone
Talcapone

80
Q

Prevent peripheral L-Dopa degradation to 3-OMD by inhibiting COMT. Used in conjunction with Levodopa

A

Entacapone

Talcapone

81
Q

Agents act centrally (Post-BBB) to inhibit breakdown of Dopamine

A

Selegine
Rasagiline
Talcapone

82
Q

Block conversion of Dopamine into DOPAC by selectively inhibiting MAO-B

A

Selegine

Rasagiline

83
Q

Crosses BBB and blocks conversion of Dopamine to 3-MT in the brain by inhibiting central COMT

A

Talcapone

84
Q

Anticholinergics/muscarinic that improves the tremor and rigidity of drug induced Parkinson

A

Benzotropine

Trihexyphenidyl

85
Q

Can lead to On/Off phenomenon with improved mobility during on periods and reduced motor function during off period.

A

Carbidopa/Levodopa

PHARM (11 decks)

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