Microbiology Flashcards
Gram Staining Sequence
Methyl Violet(Cystal Violet/Gentian Violet)
Grams Iodine(Mordant-Fixer)
Acetone(Decolonizer)
Safranin(Counterstain)
All Cocci are Gram Positive, except
Meningococci
Gonococci
Veilonella
Moraxella
All Bacilli are Gram Negative, except?
Mycobacteria Anthracis Bacillus Clostridium Species Diphtheriae Coryne Bacterium Nocardia Species Acitomyces Listeria Diphtheroids
ZN Staining
Other name?
Organisms?
Ziehl Neelson Staining/Acid Fast Staining
MTB 20%
M. Leprae 5%
Nocardia 1%
Ability to resist decolourisation comes because of____________content
Mycolic Acid Content
Sequence of ZN staining for MTB
For MTB Sputum Smear:
Sputum Smear Carbol Fuchsin Intermittent Heating 20% H2SO4(Decolourizer) Methylene Blue(Counter Stain)
Bipolar Staining Organisms
Yersinia pestis(Plague) Haemophilus ducreyi(Genital Ulcer) Calymatobacter(Klebsiella) Burkholderia Mallei(Glanders Disease-Horse Disease(motile)) Burkholderia Psuedo Mallei(motile) Vibrio Parahemolytics(Sea food poisoning )
Cuneiform Arrangement is seen in________?
Albert Staining of Cornyebacterium Diphtheriae
Stained Green
AKA Chinese Letter Pattern
Capsulated Organisms
Pneumococcus/Pseudomonas Antarcis Bacillus Klebsiella Influenza Haemophilus Yersinia Species Bordetella Species Meningococci Clostridium Perferingens(Welchii) Vibrio Parahemolyticus
Most capsules are made of___________?
Polysaccharides
Capsules of Bacillus Anthracis is made of________?
Polypeptide
Quellung Reaction is seen in __________?
Pneumococcus
Capsular Antigen + Capsular Antibody = Capsular Swelling
MacFadyean’s Reaction is seen in ___________?
Bacillus Anthracis
Polypeptide capsule stained by Methylene Blue
Function of Capsule?
Antiphagocytic
Prevent Opsonisation
Opsonisers are?
Which is the major Opsoniser?
- C3b - (Major Opsoniser)
2. Fc of IgG and IgM
Function of Biofilm?
- Adherence to the surface
- Antibiotic Resistance
(Biofilm is modification of the capsule)
Tumbling Motility is seen in________?
Listeria
Darting motility is seen in____________?
Vibrio Cholera
Swarming Motility is seen in ____________?
Proteus
Falling Leaf like motility is seen in________?
Giardia Lamblia
Slow form of Swarming is called ________?
Its seen in ____________?
Stately Motility
Different species of Clostridium Species
Spirochetes are?
Endoflagella
arise from periplasmic space
Methods to demonstrate motility?
- Hanging Drop
- Semisolid Agar Method
- Phase Contrast Microscopy
Semi Solid Agar contains _______% agar
0.5-1% Agar
Nutrient Agar contains _____% agar
2% Agar
Contains peptone meat extract
Nutrient Broth contains _____% agar?
Zero % Agar
Enriched Media are?
- Blood Agar
- Chocolate Agar
- Loffler Serum Slope
Enriched media are solid/liquid?
Enriched - Solid
Blood Agar contains _______% blood?
5% Sheep Blood
Loffler Serum Slope is used for _______?
C. Diphtheriae
Enrichment Media is Liquid/Solid?
Enrichment Media is always Liquid
Enrichment media for Salmonella?
Selenite F Broth
Enrichment media for Shigella?
Selenite F Broth
Selective media is mostly liquid/solid?
Selective media is mostly solid?
TCBS is ___________in colour?
TCBS is ___________ in colour when V. Cholera is used?
TCBS is Green in colour.
Turns to Yellow when V. Cholera is present.
Selective Media for V. Cholera?
TCBS Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose
___________is the selective media for MTB?
Lowenstein Jensen(LJ) is the selective media for MTB
_________ is the selective Agent for MTB in LJ Media?
Malachite Green is the selective Agent for MTB in LJ Media
In MacConkey Agar, lactose fermenters show ___________ colour change?
In MacConkey Agar, lactose fermenters show PINK colour change
In MacConkey Agar, non-lactose fermenters show ___________ colour change?
In MacConkey Agar, non-lactose fermenters show no colour change
MacConkey Agar is a selective media for __________?
Only Gram Negative Bacteria will grow on MacConkey Agar
Contents of MacConkey Agar?
Peptone Lactose Agar Neutral Red Taurio Chocalate Sodium
Lactose Fermenters are?
E coli
Klebsiella
Shigella Sonnei
In Robertson’s Cooked Meat Media, when the meat pieces turn black, what is the reaction called?
When meat pieces turn black, it is a Proteolytic Reaction
In Robertson’s Cooked Meat Media, when the meat pieces turn black, which is the organism present?
Clostridium tetani
Colour change due to Proteolytic reaction
In Robertson’s Cooked Meat Media, when the meat pieces turn pink, which is the organism present?
Perferingens welchii
Sacchrolytic Reaction
Transport media of V.Cholarae?
Which other Media can also be used?
V-R Media
Venkat Raman Ramakrishnan Media
Cary Blair Media can also be used
Transport media of Streptococcus pyogenes?
Pikels
Transport media of Gonococeif meningococci?
Stuarts and Amies
Transport media of Shigella(salmonella)?
Sach’s Buffered Glycerol Saline
Obligate Anaerobes are?
Acitinomycetes
Bacteroids
Clostridium
Facilitated Anaerobes are?
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Capnophile organisms are?
Brucella abortus
Haemophilus influenza
Micro aerophiles are?
Compylobacter
Helicobacter
Organisms requiring -10 to +10°C is known as___________?
Psychrophile
Organisms requiring 20 to 40°C is known as___________?
Mesophile
Organisms requiring more than 45°C is known as___________?
Thermophile
Organisms requiring more than 100°C is known as___________?
Thermus aquaticus
Father of PCR?
Kary B Mullis
____________ is Catalase Positive?
Staphylococcus is Catalase Positive
____________ is Catalase Negative?
Streptococcus is Catalase Negative
Coagulase Test Positive indicates __________?
Eg.____________
Pathogenic Staphylococcus is Coagulase Positive.
Staph. aureus
Coagulase test Negative indicates______________?
Eg.___________
Non pathogenic Staphylococcus.
Eg.
Staph. Epidermis
Staph. Saprophyticus
Staph. Epidermidis is Novobaicin ______?
Staph. Epidermidis is Novobaicin Sensitive
Staph. Saprophyticus is Novobaicin_________?
Staph. Saprophyticus is Novobaicin Insensitive/Resistant
Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing is conducted on _____________ agar?
AST is conducted on Mueller Hinton Agar(MHA)
(Nutrient Agar)
AST aka Kirby Baur Disc Diffusion Testing
Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing is also known as?
Kirby Baur Disc Diffusion Testing
Young women develops UTI.
MCC is?
MCC for female UTI is E.coli
Female UTI
MC GPC is?
S.Saprophyticus
Violet coloured grape like clusters are seen in __________ ?
Staph. aureus
Staph. aureus in Nutrient Agar is seen as?
Golden Yellow Pigmentation
Staph. aureus in Blood Agar is seen as?
B hemolysis
Pin head size colonies
Best selective media for Staph. aureus?
Mannitol Salt Agar is the best
Ludham’s Media can also be used.
Binding of Protein A (present in COWAN-1 strain of Staph. aureus) with FC portion of IgG is known as?
Co-agglution Test