Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro > Microbiology 7: Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

Microbiology 7: Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

How is hepatitis A transmitted ?

A

Faecal-oral route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the diagnostic test for viral hepatitis A ?

A

IgM anti-hepatitis A virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A person has a high IgM, high IgG, normal ALT.

Are they:

A) infected with Hepatitis A
B) Immunised against hepatitis A
C) infected with Hepatitis C
D) post hepatitis A infection

A

B- This patient has the antibodies against Hepatitis A virus, but does not have active viral infection and hence no hepatitis so ALT is normal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is Hepatitis B transmitted ? (3)

A
  • Sexual intercouse
  • Blood products
  • Mother to baby
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chronic hep B infection is classified as what?

Which group is more likely to get this?

A

> 6 months

Babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the diagnostic test for hepatitis B ?

A

Surface antigen screening test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which cancer is associated with hepatitis B ?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (after you also get cirrhosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the treatments for chronic Hepatitis B infection?

A

Interferon Alpha
Tenofovir or Entecavir

Tenofovir + Emtricitabine (especially if HIV +ve and HBV +ve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a +ve anti- Hep Bs (antibodies to the surface antigen) tell you ?

A

The patient is immune to the hepatitis B virus either due to recovery from prior infection (will also be +ve for anti-HBc) , or post immunisation (-ve for anti- HBc).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does anti-HBs (anti surface antigen) mean?

What does anti-HBc mean?

What does prolonged HBs (surface) antigen mean?

A

The patient has active hepatitis B infection and is still infectious to others.

recent (acute) infection

Chronic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antigen found in all hep B patients, and one found in most

A
  • All: HBsAg (surface antigen)
  • Most: HBeAg (e antigen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does this hep B serology tell you ?

HBsAg +ve
Anti-HBc +ve
IgM anti-HBc +ve
Anti- HBs -ve

A

The patient is acutely infected with hepatitis B

  • 1st = surface antigen
  • anti-HBc is suggestive of recent (acute) infection
  • IgM = short term immunity (recent/current infection)
  • anti-HBs would get produced after infection (whilst in recovery)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does this hep B serology tell you ?

HBsAg +ve
Anti-HBc +ve
IgM anti-HBc -ve
Anti- HBs -ve

A

This patient is chronically infected with Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does this hep B serology tell you ?

HBsAg -ve
Anti-HBc -ve
Anti- HBs -ve

A

Patient has never been exposed to Hep B virus and is susceptible to infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which groups of people are particularly at risk of hepatitis C infection ? (2)

A

IVDU
MSM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

strong indicator of the incidence of cirrhosis and the need to treat in hep B

A

Baseline HBV DNA levels (copies/mL)

17
Q

What to give pre-transplant to prevent hep B infection

A

nucleoside analogues

18
Q

What is the main route of transmission of hepatitis C ?

A

Blood products

19
Q

Which type of hep virus is more likely to result in chronicity?

A

hep C

20
Q

What is the diagnostic investigation for Hepatitis C ? Why?

A

Hep C Virus RNA PCR (basically check the hep C virus RNA levels in the blood)

anti-HCV antibodies only start developing some time after acute infection

21
Q

What treatment for hep C if given early on can have over 90% cure rate ?

How to measure response to this Tx?

A

peginterferon alpha-2b (type of Interferon alpha)

Measure SVR12 (so you do result guided therapy)

22
Q

How is Hepatitis D transmitted ?

A

MUST already be infected with Hepatitis B (so that it can replicate)
Blood products

23
Q

What is the main route of transmission for hepatitis E ?

A

Faecal-oral route - Zoonosis (from animals especially swines)

24
Q

Which hepatitis has a very high mortality rate in pregnant women ?

A

Hepatitis E

25
Q

difference between hepatitis B and D coinfection and superinfection

A
  • coinfection - inoculated by hep B and D at the same time
  • superinfection - someone with chronic hep B is then inoculated by HDV
  • tends to be more severe than coinfection
  • can develop cirrhosis within 2-3 yrs
26
Q

treatment for hep E (2)

A

supportive
ribavirin

27
Q

rare complications of hep E

A
  • CNS disease
  • chronic infection
28
Q

2 things that rise in acute infection of hep E

What rises in acute infection of hep C?

A
  • ALT
  • IgM anti-HEV antibody

Just ALT - anti-HCV comes a bit after

Micro (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions