Microbiology 17: Neonatal and childhood infections Flashcards
List 4 infectious diseases screened for during pregnancy ?
Hep B
HIV
Rubella
Syphilis
What is the most common cause of congenital deafness in the UK ?
CMV
Which disease is transmitted by cat poo ?
Toxoplasmosis
What are some of the signs of congenital toxoplasmosis infection ?
60% asymptomatic
Choroidoretinitis
Microcephaly
Seizures
Hepatosplenomegally
Intracranial calcification
Low IQ + deafness (later)
What is the classical triad of signs of congenital rubella infection ?
Cataracts
Congenital heart disease
Deafness
What signs do you get with congenital HSV infection ?
Blistering rash
Meningoencephalitis
Disseminated infection (liver dysfunction for example)
What can Chlamydia trachomatis cause in the neonate ? (2)
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Pneumonia (rare)
Which 3 organisms most commonly cause early onset (<48h) sepsis in the neonate ?
GBS (group b streptococcus)
E.coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Which organism most commonly causes late onset (> 48-72h) sepsis in the neonate ?
Coagulase negative staphylococci (e.g s.epidermidis, s.saprophyticus)
Which antibiotics are often used to treat early onset sepsis in the neonate?
Benzylpenicillin (treats GBS) + gentamicin (treats e.coli)
Which bacteria classically causes superinfection with chicken pox ?
Invasive Group A streptococcus
Bullous myringitis (vesicles on the tympanic membrane) and otitis media are suggestive of which organism ?
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
(Extra pulmonary manifestation)
Which bacteria causes whooping cough ?
Bordatella Pertussis
what infections are not screened for during pregnancy
CMV
toxoplasmosis
hep C
GBS
why are babies susceptible to infections in the neonatal period? (2)
- less maternal IgG (their own host defences are immature)
- NICU care (exposure to micro-organisms, colonisation and infection)
list common early onset infections in neonates (within 48hrs of birth)
GBS
E coli
listeria monocytogenes
treatment for late-onset sepsis
1st line - cefotaxime + vancomycin
2nd line - meropenem
What type of organism is group B strept?
What do you see around it on agar plate?
Gram-positive coccus
Zone of inhibition around it (since beta haemolytic)
Escherichia coli - what type of organism is it?
How does it look under microscope?
Presence of what antigen on E coli makes it more pathogenic?
Gram-negative rods
pink and rod-like
K1 antigen (bigger problem if present)
What type of organism is listeria monocytogene?
Gram-positive rods
What type of organism is Neisseria meningitidis (type of meningicoccus)?
Gram negative cocci
Main organism to cause meningitis?
Men B
What type of organism is strept pneumoniae?
Gram positive diplococcus
Prevenar vaccine is for which group of organisms?
Pneumococcal
