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Micro > Microbiology 21: Antimicrobial Agents 2 > Flashcards

Microbiology 21: Antimicrobial Agents 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 common organisms that cause skin infections such as Impetigo or Cellulitis ?

What antibiotic is commonly used to treat these ?

A

Staph Aureus
Beta haemolytic streptococcus (Strept. pyogenes)

Flucloxacilin

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2
Q

Which 2 toxicities must you consider when giving aminoglycosides ?

A

Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity

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3
Q

Which antibiotic is common used to treat mild typical CAP ?

A

Amoxicillin

Usually due to pneumococcus and Haemophilus

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4
Q

What is the most common causative organism of CAP ?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

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5
Q

List 3 atypical organisms that cause CAP ?

A

Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia

Usually associated with severe CAP

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6
Q

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Bacterial meningitis ?

What can you add to the Tx and why?

A

Ceftriaxone

Can add Amoxicillin if Listeria is likely (groups at risk of this are < 3-month-old babies, > 65 year olds, pregnant women)

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7
Q

Why is ceftriaxone not given to children under 3 months of age ?

A

Causes biliary sludging (displaces bilirubin from albumin)

Therefore give cefotaxime AND amoxicillin (the latter for listeria cover)

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8
Q

List 2 sequele you worry about after a streptococcal infection ?

A

Glomerulonepohritis
Rheumatic fever

Hence why it needs to be treated for 10 days

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9
Q

Which antibiotics are commonly used to treat HAP ? (4)

A
  • Cephalosporin
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Tazocin
  • If MRSA, consider addition of vancomycin
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10
Q

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat simple cystitis in the community setting ?

A

Trimethoprim (3 days)

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11
Q

Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat Hospital acquired UTI ? (NB most common type of HAI)

A

Cephalexin or Co-amoxiclav

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12
Q

Which antibiotic is common used to treat atypical CAP ?

A

Macrolide (Erythromycin/Clarythromycin) + Tetracycline (doxycycline)

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13
Q

Which antibiotic is common used to treat severe typical CAP ?

A

Penicillin (Co-amoxiclav) + Macrolide (Clarithromycin)

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14
Q

Which antibiotics are used to treat HAP due to aspiration ?

A

Cefuroxime + metronidazole

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15
Q

Which antibiotics are used to treat atypical CAP with confirmed legionella ?

A

Rifampicin + Macrolide (Erythromycin, Clarythromycin)

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16
Q

Which antibiotics could be used to treat HAP with Pseudomonass spp. ?

A

Tazocin (pippericilin + Tazobactam) or ciprofloxacin + gentamicin

17
Q

What is the treatment for primary Syphilis ?

A

IM benzyl penicillin

18
Q

What is the treatment for N.Ghonorrhoea ?

A

IM ceftriaxone

19
Q

What is the treatment for Chlamydia ?

A

Doxycycline (or azithromycin)

20
Q

What is the treatment for BV ?

A

Metronidazole

21
Q

What is the treatment for Trichomoniasis ?

A

Metronidazole

22
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial meningitis due to N.meningitidis or S.Pneumonia ?

A

Ceftriaxone + Prednisolone

23
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial meningitis due to Listeria ?

A

Ceftriaxone + Ampicillin + Prednisolone

24
Q

name two methods of antibiotic susceptibility testing

A

MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) - this is the least amount of drug required to inhibit the growth of the organism in a culture

Agar disc diffusion method

25
Q

when is IV to PO switching of antibiotics usually recommended

What is an exception to this?

A

if the patient has stabilised after 48 hrs of IV treatment

In CNS infections and severe infections such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis, you may NOT switch to PO

26
Q

describe the 3 main patterns of antibiotic activity

A

TYPE 1: concentration dependent killing and prolonged persistent effects eg aminoglycosides

TYPE 2: time dependent killing and minimal persistent effects eg carbapenems, penicillins

TYPE 3: time dependent killing and moderate to prolonged persistent effects

27
Q

what are the lengths of treatment for the following:

  • N meningitidis meningitis
  • Acute osteomyelitis
  • bacterial endocarditis
  • group A strep pharyngitis
  • simple cystitis
A

1 - 7 days
2 - 6 weeks
3 - 4-6 weeks
4 - 10 days
5 - 3 days

28
Q

antibiotic or choices for:

1 - pharyngitis
2 - mild CAP
3 - severe CAP

A

1 - benzylpenicillin 10 days
2 - amoxicillin
3 - co-amoxiclav + clarythromycin

29
Q

antibiotic treatment for:

1 - simple cystitis
2 - hospital acquired UTI
3 - infected urinary catheter

A

1 - trimethoprim 3 days
2 - cephalexin or Co-amoxiclav
3 - gentamicin

30
Q

2 invasive conditions due to Group A Streptococcal Infection

2 parts of Tx

A

severe cellulitis, necrotising fasciitis

Clindamycin + IVIg

31
Q

Mx of infected urinary catheter

A

Change catheter + Gentamicin

32
Q

Mx of C diff

A
  • stop the causative
  • If SEVERE, treat with:
    • PO metronidazole
    • If the above fails, use PO vancomycin

Micro (20 decks)

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