Microbiology 3: HIV Infected Children Flashcards
Which viral skin infection commonly affects children with HIV ?
Molloscum contsgiosum
Describe an early indication of HIV in children ?
Chronic swelling of the parotid glands
Lyphadenopathy also important
List signs/symptoms of HIV in children ?
- Chronic swollen parotid
- Molloscum contagiosum skin infection on the face
- Lymphadenopathy
- Oral thrush
- Dental caries
- Otitis media
- LIP - lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis
- Clubbing
- Shingles in multiple dermatomes
- Encephalopathy
- Failure to thrive
Which pneumonia is more common in children with HIV ?
Pneumocystis. Jirovecii
Co-infection with which organism can cause blindness in children with HIV ?
CMV
Which Malignancy is more common in children with HIV ?
Co-infection with which organism causes this malignancy ?
Kaposi sarcoma
HHV8
Spine problem HIV child can develop
Pott’s disease (TB of the spine) - also associated with HIV as TB of the lungs is more at risk of disseminating, e.g. to the brain too
What is the critical factor that determines transmission of HIV from mother to baby?
Other factors
The maternal plasma viral load
Others:
- Health of the placenta
- Prolonged rupture of membranes
- Breastfeeding
In twin pregnancy of an HIV infected women, is the 1st or 2nd baby more likely to become infected ?
The first baby is 50% more likely to become infected because it sweeps all the secretions off the birth canal as it passes. The second baby moves through more swiftly.
features of HIV encephalopathy (4)
- basal ganglia calcification
- white matter changes
- atrophy
- vasculopathy/ stroke
what treatment should HIV positive women be given to reduce risk of transmission to their child
- triple ART: tenofovir + 3TC + efavirenz
- BF infants should recieve daily nevirapine (NVP) for 6 weeks
what classes of antivirals are used in HIV treatment
entry - fusion inhibitors, CCR5 coreceptor antagonists
pretranscriptionsl - NRTI. NtRTI, NNRTI
posttranscriptional - intergrase inhibitors, PI
