Microbiology Flashcards
Staphylococcus areus is always coagulase ___
positive
Staph epidermidis is coagulase positive (T/F)
False
-Staph epidermidis is coagulase negative
Group A strep (GAS) is a Beta-haemolytic group of bacteria common in skin infections (T/F)
True
What is the first line treatment for Staph aureus infection? List 3
Flucloxacillin
Fluclox
FLUCLOX…
List some Staph aureus toxins:
- Enterotoxin - gastroenteritis
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Toxin (SSSST)
- PVL (Panton Valentine Leucocidin) - necrotizing pneumonia
What test is used to classify Streptoccoci?
Blood agar haemolysis
- alpha: green
- beta: complete
- gamma: no haemolysis
Beta-haemolytic Streptococci are further classified based on…
Surface antigenes
- Group A (throat, skin)
- Group B (neonate meningitis)
Treatment for boils and furuncles is incision and drainage. (T/F)
True
-antibiotics can be used
Strep pyogenes is an importnant Group __ Streptococcus
Group A
Staph aureus is the most common cause of necrotising fascitis (T/F)
False.
Strep pyogenes most commonly causes necrotising fascitis
Tinea unguium is a fungal (ringworm) infection of the ___
nails
Treatment for Dermatophyte (ringworm) fungal infections?
Clotrimazole cream
Scabies are caused by a fungal infection.
False.
-mites Sarcoptes scabiei is the causative organism
Staphylococci and Streptococci are Gram positive (T/F)
True
Causative agent of Chickenpox and Shingles is…
Varicella Zoster Virus
Shingles shows a _____ infection pattern
dermatomal
What vaccine is used for chickenpox?
live attenuated
Varicella Zoster Virus establishes _____, allowing it to re-emerge as shingles
latency
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 causes most oral lesions (T/F)
False
Caused by HSV Type 1
_____ is the drug used for HSV and VZV
Acyclovir
When would an antibody test be used in viral skin infection diagnosis?
Inaccessible site of infection
What pathogen causes warts?
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
HPV types __ and __ cause cervical cancer.
HPV Types 16 and 18
Which HPC types cause genital warts?
HPV types 6 and 11
____ viruses are the most common causative agents of Hand, foot and mouth disease.
Coxcackie (enteroviruses)
Herpangina presents as a blistering rash of the back of the mouth. What pathogens cause it?
Enteroviruses:
-Coxackie Cirus and Echovirus
Erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek disease) is caused by _____. In adults, it can cause ____.
Parvovirus (erythrovirus)
Arthritis
What are the signs of a secondary Syphilis infection?
- Red rash on whole body, especially soles and palms
- ‘Snail track’ ulcers on mucous membranes
- Pseudomembraneous lesions and erosions of tongue, palate and tonsils
Syphilis is caused by the bacterium ____ _____. It is treated with____
Treponema pallidum
IM penicillin
Borrelia burgdoferi causes…
Lyme disease
What is the presentation of Lyme disease?
Early:
-erythema migrans
Late:
-heart block, nerve palsies, arthritis
Lyme disease is treated with…
Doxycycline or Amoxicillin
What are the Symptoms of Zika virus infection?
- mild fever
- rash
- headache
- arthalgia
- myalgia
- conjunctivitis
The Varicella Zoster virus lies dormant in the ___ ____ _____
dorsal root ganglia
What is Post Herpetic Neuralgia?
Pain associated with reactivated VZV (shingles), which occurs 4 weeks after the infection.
What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?
Vesicles and pain in the auditory canal and throat, resulting from the 7th/8th Cranial Nerve irritation following shingles.
What is the cause of primary gingivastomatitis?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Molluscum Contagiosum is caused by a ____ infection. What’s the treatment?
Viral infection
Leave it; can freeze with nitrogen if on face etc
What antibiotics are used for MRSA?
Doxycycline
Vancomycine
Co-trimoxazole
Clindamycin
Haemolysin is a toxin produced by….
beta-haemoltic Streptococci
What is the most common cause of pneumonia? What’s its effect on blood agar?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Alpha haemolysis
What non-haemolytic Streptococcus commonly causes urinary tract infections?
Enterococcus spp.
Tinea cruris is a ringworm infection of the _____
groin
How are candida infections treated?
- topical Clotrimazole cream
- oral fluconazole
Malothion lotion is used as treatment of what?
- Scabies
- Lice
