Microbiology 5s: Viral Hepatitis Flashcards
What are the different hepatitis viruses?
- Hep A
- Hep B
- Hep C
- Hep D
- Hep E
- Hep G
Which hepatitis viruses are transmitted faecorally?
fAEcal-oral = Hep A + Hep E
Which is the most common hepatitis virus globally?
Hep B
Route of transmission of Hep B?
- Sexually transmitted,
- IVDU,
- blood products,
- vertical
Route of transmission of Hep D?
- Sexually transmitted,
- IVDU,
- blood products
not vertically
Requires co-hepatitis B infection (satellite virus) !
Which hepatitis virus is associated with shellfish & pork consumption?
Hep E
pork because zoonosis
Which hepatitis viruses have vaccines?
Hep A, B, E
What is the viral structure of hepatitis viruses?
All RNA viruses
except Hep B = DNA virus
What is interesting about hepatitis B’s replication?
- 1st, only DNA virus of all the hepatitis viruses
- uses reverse transcriptase to replicate → some HIV drugs effective
Which of the hepatitis viruses are part of the flaviviridae family?
Hep C
Which of the hepatitis viruses are part of the hepeviridae family?
Hep E
How many genotypes of Hep D are there?
- 6 genotypes
- 1,2,3 most common
How many genotypes of Hep E are there?
- 4 genotypes
- 1,2 affects humans
Order the incubation periods of the hepatitis viruses (shortest to longest)
shortest
- Hep A/E - 2-6wks
- Hep D - 3-7wks
- Hep C - 6-8wks
- Hep B - 2-6months
longest
Which hepatitis infections are often subclinical?
- Hep A
- Hep B
Which hepatitis infections are notifiable?
all of them
What are the stages of Hep B infection?
Immune tolerant
- → Immune reactive
- → Inactive HBV carrier state
- → HBeAg -ve chronic HBV
- → HBsAg -ve phase (cleared infection)
What are the 2 types of HDV infection?
- HBV + HDV co-infection (infected with both simultaneously) OR
- HDV-super infection (chronic HBV infected with HDV)
Summarise the Ix for the different Hepatitis viruses
Which hepatitis infections are acute?
Only acute:
- Hep A
- Hep E
Mostly acute, can be chronic:
- Hep B
- Adults = 5-10% chance of developing chronic
- Babies = 95% chance
- Hep B/D coinfection
- 2% chronic
Which hepatitis infections are mostly chronic?
-
Hep C
- Higher rate of chronicity (60-80%) than other types of simple hepatitis
-
HDV superinfection (on chronic Hep B)
- 90% chronic
Summarise Tx for different types of hepatitis
What is a major complications associated with Hep B?
Hepatic fibrosis → cirrhosis → HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma)
What are some rare complications of Hep E infection?
- CNS Disease (Bell’s, GBS)
- Chronic infection
- Genotype 1 = high mortality in pregnancy (3rd trimester)
