Microbiology Flashcards
What is inflammation of the cornea called?
keratitis
What is endophthalmitis?
inflammation of the entire globe
What causes bacterial conjuctivitis in neonates?
staph. aureus; neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlaymdia trachomatis
What causes bacterial conjunctivitis at all other ages?
staph aureus; strep. pneumoniae; h. influenzae
What topical antibiotic is usually used for bacterial conjuctivitis?
chloramphenicol
When should chloramphenicol not be used?
aplastic anaemia or allergy
What viruses cause conjuctivitis?
adenovirus; herpes simplex; herpes zoster
What type of hx is seen with clamydial conjuctivitis?
chronic which has been unresponsive treatenmts
What is the typical patient of chlaymidal conjuncitivits?
bilateral conjuctivitis in uoing adults
What is seen in the conjunctiva with chlamydial conjuncitivitis?
follicles and subtarsal scarring
What sign is seen with bacterial keratits?
hypopyon-pus in the anterior chamber
What is the teratment for bacterial keratitis?
need admitted for hourly drops
What is usually seen in association with bacterial keratitis?
other corneal pathology or contact lens wear
What viruses cause keratitis?
herpes and adenovirus
What is seen with herpetic keratitis?
dendritic ulcer
What do recurrences of herpetic keratitis cause?
result in reduced corneal sensation
What happens if herpetic keratitis is treated with steroids?
corneal melt and perforation fo the cornea
What is seen with adenoviral keratits?
subepithelial infiltrates
What does adenoviral keratitis usuallt follw?
URTI
What can be given with adenoviral keratitis?
topical antibiotic to prevent seoncdary infection
What can cause fungal keratitis?
acanthamoeba and pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is orbital cellulitis often asociated with?
paranasal sinusitis
What is seen with orbital cellulitis?
painful esp on eye movement; proptosis; pyrexial
What is important to differentiate between with orbital cellulitis?
preseptal and orbital cellulitis
Whyh is a CT scan done with orbital cellulitis?
to identify orbital abscesses
What causes of orbital cellulitis?
staph, strep, coliforms. h.influenzae; anaerobes
What is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?
broad spectrum antibiotics ; drain any abscesses
What is endophthalmitis?
devastating infection inside the eye
When tends to cause endophthalmitis?
surgery
what are the features of endophthalmitis?
painful +++ with decreasing vision; very red eye
What organsims cause endophthalmitis?
conjuncitival commensals- staph. epi
What is the treatment for endophthalmitis?
intravitral amikacin and vanc and topical antibiotics
What organism causes of chorioretinitis in AIDS?
CMV
What can happen in immunocompromised patients with toxoplasmosis?
enters latent phase with cysts forming
Which animals does toxocara affect?
cats and dogs- not able to replicate in humans
How is bacterial keratitis diagnosed?
corneal scrape
How is endophthalmitis diagnosed ?
aqueous/vitreous for culture
How is acanthamoeba diagnosed?
microscopy/culture
How are toxoplasma and toxocara diagnosed?
serology
What organisms is chloramphenicol bacterocidal for?
strep and haemophilus
what organism is chloramphenicol bacterostatic for?
staph
What is dacrocystitis?
infection of the lacrimal sac
What is the common contaminant for drop bottles?
pseudomonas
what is used to treat dendritic ulcers?
aciclovir
How does aciclovir work?
inhibits viral DNA synthesis
What is the treatment for pseudomonas conjunctivits?
gentamicin
What is the treatment for chlamydial conjuncitivits?
topical oxytetracycline
What is ofloxacin used against?
most gram -ve bacteria eg pseudomonas; h. influenzae; colifroms
