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Ophthalmology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation of the cornea called?

A

keratitis

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2
Q

What is endophthalmitis?

A

inflammation of the entire globe

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3
Q

What causes bacterial conjuctivitis in neonates?

A

staph. aureus; neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlaymdia trachomatis

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4
Q

What causes bacterial conjunctivitis at all other ages?

A

staph aureus; strep. pneumoniae; h. influenzae

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5
Q

What topical antibiotic is usually used for bacterial conjuctivitis?

A

chloramphenicol

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6
Q

When should chloramphenicol not be used?

A

aplastic anaemia or allergy

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7
Q

What viruses cause conjuctivitis?

A

adenovirus; herpes simplex; herpes zoster

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8
Q

What type of hx is seen with clamydial conjuctivitis?

A

chronic which has been unresponsive treatenmts

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9
Q

What is the typical patient of chlaymidal conjuncitivits?

A

bilateral conjuctivitis in uoing adults

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10
Q

What is seen in the conjunctiva with chlamydial conjuncitivitis?

A

follicles and subtarsal scarring

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11
Q

What sign is seen with bacterial keratits?

A

hypopyon-pus in the anterior chamber

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12
Q

What is the teratment for bacterial keratitis?

A

need admitted for hourly drops

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13
Q

What is usually seen in association with bacterial keratitis?

A

other corneal pathology or contact lens wear

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14
Q

What viruses cause keratitis?

A

herpes and adenovirus

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15
Q

What is seen with herpetic keratitis?

A

dendritic ulcer

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16
Q

What do recurrences of herpetic keratitis cause?

A

result in reduced corneal sensation

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17
Q

What happens if herpetic keratitis is treated with steroids?

A

corneal melt and perforation fo the cornea

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18
Q

What is seen with adenoviral keratits?

A

subepithelial infiltrates

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19
Q

What does adenoviral keratitis usuallt follw?

A

URTI

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20
Q

What can be given with adenoviral keratitis?

A

topical antibiotic to prevent seoncdary infection

21
Q

What can cause fungal keratitis?

A

acanthamoeba and pseudomonas aeruginosa

22
Q

What is orbital cellulitis often asociated with?

A

paranasal sinusitis

23
Q

What is seen with orbital cellulitis?

A

painful esp on eye movement; proptosis; pyrexial

24
Q

What is important to differentiate between with orbital cellulitis?

A

preseptal and orbital cellulitis

25
Q

Whyh is a CT scan done with orbital cellulitis?

A

to identify orbital abscesses

26
Q

What causes of orbital cellulitis?

A

staph, strep, coliforms. h.influenzae; anaerobes

27
Q

What is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?

A

broad spectrum antibiotics ; drain any abscesses

28
Q

What is endophthalmitis?

A

devastating infection inside the eye

29
Q

When tends to cause endophthalmitis?

A

surgery

30
Q

what are the features of endophthalmitis?

A

painful +++ with decreasing vision; very red eye

31
Q

What organsims cause endophthalmitis?

A

conjuncitival commensals- staph. epi

32
Q

What is the treatment for endophthalmitis?

A

intravitral amikacin and vanc and topical antibiotics

33
Q

What organism causes of chorioretinitis in AIDS?

A

CMV

34
Q

What can happen in immunocompromised patients with toxoplasmosis?

A

enters latent phase with cysts forming

35
Q

Which animals does toxocara affect?

A

cats and dogs- not able to replicate in humans

36
Q

How is bacterial keratitis diagnosed?

A

corneal scrape

37
Q

How is endophthalmitis diagnosed ?

A

aqueous/vitreous for culture

38
Q

How is acanthamoeba diagnosed?

A

microscopy/culture

39
Q

How are toxoplasma and toxocara diagnosed?

A

serology

40
Q

What organisms is chloramphenicol bacterocidal for?

A

strep and haemophilus

41
Q

what organism is chloramphenicol bacterostatic for?

A

staph

42
Q

What is dacrocystitis?

A

infection of the lacrimal sac

43
Q

What is the common contaminant for drop bottles?

A

pseudomonas

44
Q

what is used to treat dendritic ulcers?

A

aciclovir

45
Q

How does aciclovir work?

A

inhibits viral DNA synthesis

46
Q

What is the treatment for pseudomonas conjunctivits?

A

gentamicin

47
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydial conjuncitivits?

A

topical oxytetracycline

48
Q

What is ofloxacin used against?

A

most gram -ve bacteria eg pseudomonas; h. influenzae; colifroms

Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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