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Ophthalmology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the innate immune systme of the eye and the rest of the body in terms of physical barrier and commensals?

A

the eye doesnt have any skin- tranparent and exposed, doesnt have many commensals

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2
Q

How does the eye combat its lack of innate immune system?

A

blink reflex; physical and chemical proerties of eye surface; limit exposure and size

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3
Q

What are the layers of the tear film?

A

lipid; aqueous and mucin

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4
Q

What is the physical function of tears?

A

flushing and muscous layer is anti-adhesive

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5
Q

What are the chemical proerties of tears?

A

lysozymes; lactoferrin and transferrin; tear lipids; angiogenin; secretory IgA; complememtn; leukotriens

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6
Q

What is the difference between lysozyme and lactoferrin/transferrin?

A

lysoszyme works again gram -ve bacteria and fungi whereas lactoferrin/tranferring work against gram +ve bacteria

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7
Q

What cells are foudn in tears?

A

neutrophils; macrophages; conjunctival mast cells

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8
Q

What does the adaptive immune system require?

A

antigen presenting cells; lympathic drainage and a variety of effector cells

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9
Q

What is the principal APC for the external eye?

A

langerhan cells

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10
Q

where are langerhan cells found?

A

limbus, less in peripheral cornea and absent from central 1/3rd of cornea

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11
Q

What is the only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage?

A

eye

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12
Q

What type of immune tissue is found in the cnojuctiva?

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

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13
Q

What type of immune environment is the cornea and sclera?

A

downregulated

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14
Q

What type of cells does the lacrimal gland have more than than the conjuctiva?

A

plasma cells (IgA) and CD8+

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15
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage for the lacrimal gland?

A

MALT

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16
Q

What is immune privilage?

A

the ability to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory response

17
Q

What creates ocular immune privilege?

A

blood-tissue barrier and lack of direct lympathic drainage; rich in immunosuppressive molecules; anterior chamber-assocaited immune deviation

18
Q

What are the immunological hallmarks of anterior chamber associated immune deviation?

A

generation of primed CD8+ T and B cells that produce non-complement-fixing antibodies; inhibition of delayed type HS and B cells that secrete complement-fixing antibodies (inhibition of a cell-mediated immune response)

19
Q

what is the purpose of ACAID?

A

protects the eye and visual axis from the collateral damage of an immune response to infection by suppressing a potenetially damaing response

20
Q

What are the 3 aspects of ocular immune privilege?

A

separation-immunological ignorance; inhibition- intraocular immunosuppressive microenvironment and regulation- peripheral tolerance (ACAID_)

21
Q

What is sympathetic ophthalmia?

A

bilateral granulomatous uveitis due to trauma or surgery to one eye

22
Q

What causes sympathetic ophthalmia?

A

secondary to development of autoimmune reaction to ocular antigens exposed at point of trauma or surgery

23
Q

What is the injured eye in sympathetic ophthalmia known as?

A

exciting eye

24
Q

what is the other eye in sympathetic ophthalmia known as?

A

sympathising

25
Q

What are the primary mediator of sympathetic ophthalmia?

A

T cells - initially CD4+ and then CD8+

26
Q

What is a Dalen-Fuchs nodule?

A

epithelial cell clusters in retinal layers

27
Q

What is keratoconjuctivitis sicca?

A

dry eyes

28
Q

What is chemosis?

A

oedema of the conjuctiva?

29
Q

What are the signs of acute allergic conjuctivitis?

A

itchy, watery, puffy eyelids and chemosis

30
Q

What happens during ocular cicatricial pemphigoid?

A

clistering and scarring of conjuctiva- AI conjuctivitis

31
Q

What type of molecules are reduced in the corneal cells?

A

MHC class 1 and 2

32
Q

What precents antigenic information escaping from the cornea and migration of APC?

A

lack of blood and lymph vessels from corneA

33
Q

What are SE of steroids in the eye?

A

glaucoma and cataracts

Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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