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Ophthalmology > Eye autonomics > Flashcards

Eye autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

What tends to happen to the zygomatic bone when it is fractured?

A

rotate medially towards floor of orbit

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2
Q

Why might a zygomatic fracture cause the eye to be lowered to the floor?

A

the suspensory liagment of the eye attaches to the zygoma laterally so gets pulled down with the zygoma (rotates into floor of orbit when fractured)

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3
Q

What may be damaged in a zygomatic fracture?

A

the infraobital NVB

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4
Q

What would daamge of infraorbital NVB cause?

A

a general sensory deficit of facial skin

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5
Q

Where does the ophthalmic nerve supply sensory to the face?

A

upper eyelid; cornea; conjuctiva; root, bridge and tip of the nose

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6
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve supply sensory to the face?

A

skin of lower eyelid; skin over maxilla; skin of ala of nose; skin/mucosa of upper lip

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7
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve supply sensory to the face?

A

skin over mandible and TMJ (apart from angle of mandible)

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8
Q

What supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible?

A

C2, C3

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9
Q

What is the afferent limb of the blink reflex?

A

centrally via C1 (long ciliary nerve) to trigeminal gangion then in CNV to pons

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10
Q

What is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

conducted in CNVII to palpebrae part of orbicularis oculi

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11
Q

How do sympathetic axons reach the eye from the brain?

A

exit via T1 spinal nerve and synapse in superior cervical ganglion then internal carotid nerve to plexus on ICA then follow ophthalmic artery

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12
Q

What is the stellate ganglion?

A

if the inferior cervical and 1st thoracic ganglia fuse

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13
Q

Where is the sympathetic chain?

A

posteior wall of mediastinum

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14
Q

What is the largest cervical ganglion?

A

superior

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15
Q

Aside from cranial nerves, what other nerves carry parasympathetics?

A

sacral spinal nerves

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16
Q

What do the parasympatheticsin the sacral spinal nerves supply?

A

hindgut; pelvis and perinuem

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17
Q

Where are the parasympathetic ganglions?

A

in the organ or isolated

18
Q

Where does CNIII connect with CNS?

A

near midline at the junction between the midbrain and pons

19
Q

What is the most superiorly positioned nerve entering the superior oribtal fissure?

A

CNIII

20
Q

What are the actions of CNIII?

A

motor to SR; MR; IR and IO and LPS; presynaptic parasymp axons to the ciliary ganglion

21
Q

What is the oculocardiac refleX?

A

reflex bradycardia in response to tension on the extraocular muscles or pressure on the eye

22
Q

What are the nerves involved in the the oculocardiac reflex?

A

V1 and X

23
Q

What are the sympathetic functions in the eye?

A

open eyes wider (muller muscle)
get more light into eyes( dilator pupillae)
and focus on far objects (ciliary muscles)
emotional lacrimation (goes with CNVII from pterygoid ganglion)

24
Q

What is a non-physiologically enlarged pupil?

A

mydriatic

25
Q

What is a non-physiologically constricted pupil?

A

miotic

26
Q

What is the afferent limb of the pupil reflex?

A

ipsilateral CNII

27
Q

Where is the CNS connection for the pupil reflec?

A

thalamus

28
Q

What is the motor limb of the reflex?

A

oculomotor

29
Q

What is hte reflex in the stimulated eye called?

A

direct

30
Q

what is the reflexin the non-stimulated eye?

A

consensual

31
Q

Where do the axons in the pupillary reflex synapse?

A

pretectal nucleus in midbrain

32
Q

Where is the location of hte cell bodies of the parasympathetic axons of CNIII?

A

edinger westphal nucleus

33
Q

What nerve carries the CNII parasympathetics to the sphincter pupillae msucle?

A

short ciliary nerve

34
Q

What is the shape of the lens in distant vision?

A

flattened

35
Q

what is the shape of the lens in close vision?

A

spherical

36
Q

When the ciliary muscles contract, how does this affect the lens?

A

makes the lens fatter and more spherical

37
Q

Waht happens when the ciliary muscles relax?

A

ligament tightens and lens flattens

38
Q

What are the 3 components of the accomodation reflec?

A

bilateral pupillary constriction; bilateral convergence; bilateral bilateral relaxtion of the lens

39
Q

Why do the pupils constrict in accomodation?

A

prevent divergin rays fro mhitting hte periphery of the retina and resulting in a blurred image

40
Q

What is the accomodation reflex?

A

response to near

41
Q

What is the afferent limb in reflex tearS?

A

CN V1

42
Q

What is the efferent limb in the reflex tears?

A

CNVII (orbicularis oculi

Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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