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Derm > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is colonization?

A

presence of bacteria in insufficient numbers to cause infection

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2
Q

How do normal cutaneous flora prevent infection from pathogenic organisms?

A

through hydrolysis of skin lipids found in sebum to free FAs, which are toxic to some bacteria

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3
Q

What causes non-bullous impetigo?

A

staph aureus (and staph pyogenes)

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4
Q

What causes bullous impetigo?

A

staph aureus phage II, type 71

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5
Q

What structural component does bullous impetigo interrupt?

A

desmogleins

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6
Q

How do you treat impetigo?

A

antibiotics

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7
Q

How do you diagnose impetigo?

A

clinically and with a superficial wound culture

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8
Q

Describe common features of Ecthyma.

A

Typically related to trauma
pustules and vesicles followed by ulcerations with thick adherent crust
Heals with scarring

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9
Q

How do you diagnose ecthyma?

A

wound culture

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10
Q

How do you treat ecthyma?

A

antibiotics

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11
Q

What causes ecthyma?

A

steph pyogens or staph aureus

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12
Q

What is an abscess?

A

a collection of pus with surrounding fibrous reaction

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13
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

an abscess that involves a hair follicle

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14
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

A collection of furuncles

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15
Q

What may mimic an abscess?

A

A sterile, inflamed ruptured cyst

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16
Q

How are abscesses treated?

A

warm compress, incision and drainage, and possibly antibiotics

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17
Q

How do you diagnose an abscess?

A

clinical appearance and culture of purulent exudate

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18
Q

What causes erysipelas?

A

steph pyrogenes

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19
Q

what are some common features of erysipelas?

A

commonly affects elderly patients
Erythematous plaque with sharply demarcated border
face and lower extremities often involved
lymphatic destruction may result in recurrent infections

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20
Q

what causes Erythrasma?

A

corynebacterium minutissimum

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21
Q

What pathology reveals coral red fluoreseence in the wood’s lamp?

A

Erythrasma

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22
Q

What is the treatment for erythrasma?

A

topical antibiotics or antifungals

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23
Q

What is the presentation of erythrasma?

A

well-defined erythematous patches with fine scale

involves axillae, inguinal folds, gluteal cleft and other sites of moist occlusion

24
Q

What dermatophytes cause tinea?

A

trichophyton, epidermophyton, and microsporum

25
Q

Tinea cruris spares what?

A

the scrotum

26
Q

How is tinea diagnosed?

A

KOH revels branching hyphae (septate)

27
Q

How is tinea treated?

A

topical antifungals–> clotimazole and terbinafine

28
Q

What causes Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor?

A

Malassizia furfur

29
Q

How do you diagnose Pityriasis versicolor?

A

KOH examination that revelas short hyphae and clusters of spores

30
Q

How do you treat tinea versicolor?

A

topical antifungals, oral antifungals (sweat) and wash skin twice monthly with selenium sulfide to reduce reoccurrence risk

31
Q

what causes cutaneous candidiasis?

A

candida yeast

32
Q

How do you treat cutaneous candidiasis?

A

topical antifungals (clotrimazole and nystatin) and zinc oxide paste

33
Q

Describe common features of Cutaneous candidiasis?

A 
Often seen in skin folds
Erythematous patches with satellite papules and pustules
maceration
may have foul odor
may involve the scrotum
34
Q

What pathology causes diaper dermatitis?

A

Cutaneous Candidiasis

35
Q

What causes seborrheic Dermatitis?

A

pityrosporum yeast

36
Q

What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

topical antifungals, low potency steriods, and anti seborrheic shampoos

37
Q

What are some common features of seborrheic dermatitis>

A

yellow, greasy scale with or without underlying erythema

occurs on scalp, glabella, alar creases, chin, chest and inguinal folds

38
Q

oral disease is cause by HSV1 or 2?

A

HSV 1

39
Q

How is Herpes simplex infection diagnosed?

A

clinical presentation, PCR and Tzanck prep (multinucleated giant cells)

40
Q

What is erythema multiforme (EM)?

A

recurrent, self-limited eruption of the skin and/or oral mucosa
reaction to an underlying HSV, but HSV is not present on skin
Presents with targetoid macules

41
Q

Those with Varcella Zoster are at risk for what other pathology?

A

postherpetic neuralgia

42
Q

How is varicella zoster diagnosed?

A

Tzanck prep

43
Q

What is the treatment for Varicella Zoster?

A

antivirals and VZV vaccine

44
Q

What part of the epidermis does HPV effect?

A

basal keratinocytes

45
Q

What are the warts called that affect the genitals?

A

condyloma acuminata

46
Q

What subtypes of HPV carry a risk for cervical cancer?

A

16, 18, 33, and 35

47
Q

pouring what over warts may improve detection?

A

vinegar

48
Q

What are treatments for warts?

A

salicyclic acid, cryotherapy, immunotherapy, electrodessication and curettage, laser, and vaccine

49
Q

How do you treat Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

cryotherapy, curettage, immunotherapy or it resolves spontaneously

50
Q

What causes Erythema Infectiosum (fifth disease)?

A

Parovirus B19

51
Q

How is erythema infectiosum spread?

A

through respiratory secretions

52
Q

Where does the sarcopetes scabei mite live?

A

the stratum corneum

53
Q

how does scabies present?

A

itense itching, inflammatory papules, vesicles and burrows (linear tracks)

54
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

topical antiscabetics (permethrin 5% cream)

55
Q

How is erythema infectiosum treated?

A

No effective treatment

Derm (9 decks)

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