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Derm > Epidermis > Flashcards

Epidermis Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What accessory cells are found in the epidermis?

A

Langerhan cells, melanocytes, and sweat ducts

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2
Q

Where does desmoglein 1 localize?

A

entire dermis, but mainly the upper epidermis

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3
Q

Where does desmoglein 3 localize?

A

Basal layer

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4
Q

Where are the keratohyaline and the lamellar granules located?

A

Granule layer of the epidermis

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5
Q

Where is profilaggrin located?

A

the keratohyaline granules

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6
Q

What is the function of filaggrin

A

promotes aggregation and stabilization of intermediate filaments

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7
Q

What is the function of Lamellar granules (Odland bodies)?

A

they release lipids and sterols into the intercellular space at the upper levels of the granular layer

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8
Q

During embryogenesis, keratinocytes migrate from _____?

A

dorsal neural crest cells

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9
Q

What are natural moisturizing factors?

A

free AAs, lactic acid, urea, and salts in the corneocytes

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10
Q

Disruption of desquamation may result in _____

A

xerosis

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11
Q

What is the transit time from the basal layer to the granular layer?

A

12-14 days

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12
Q

What is the desquamation rate for cells in the cornified layer?

A

12-14 days

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13
Q

What is Acanthosis?

A

increased cell proliferation in the stratum spinosum

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14
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

thickening of the stratum corneum due to increased production of corneocytes or reduced desquamation of corneocytes

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15
Q

What is Lichenification?

A

Thickening of the stratum spinosum and stratum corneum in response to repeated scratching or rubbing–> leads to leathery and hyperpigmented skin

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16
Q

Psoriasis is an example of what kind of hyperplasia?

A

Acanthosis

17
Q

Keratosis pilaris is an example of what kind of hyperplasia?

A

Hyperkeratosis

18
Q

Lichen simplex chronicus is an example of what kind of hyperplasia?

A

Lichenificiation

19
Q

What are examples of diseases of cornification?

A

Ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) and Palmaoplantar Keratoderma (PPK)

20
Q

What is keratosis pilaris?

A

a follicular retention hyperkeratosis overlying hair folicles of the extensor upper and lower extremities and buttocks

21
Q

What other pathologies is Ichthyosis vulgaris associated with?

A

atopy and keratosis pilaris

22
Q

Describe common features of Ichthyosis vulgaris.

A 
retention hyperkeratosis
autosomal dominant
dry skin with white adherent scaling
improves with age
exacerbated by cold and decreased humidity
23
Q

Describe common features of Palmoplantar Keratoderma

A

hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles
autosomal dominant and recessive
keratin mutation resulting in abnormal pairing of type I and II keratins

24
Q

Describe the 3 variants of Palmoplantar Keratoderma

A

Diffuse: thick, yellow plaques of the entire palm and/or sole (maybe hyperhidrosis)
Focal: hyperkeratosis over localized pressure points
Punctate: hyperkeratotic papules and nodules (often misdiagnosed as warts)

25
Q

What is the treatment for Palmplantar keratoderma?

A

paring of the hyperkeratotic areas and use of topical moisturizers and humectants

26
Q

Describe some common features of atopic dermatitis

A

genetic
filaggrin defects
involves extensor fossa areas

27
Q

How do you treat atopic dermatitis?

A

steroids

28
Q

How do you treat psoriasis?

A

steroids

29
Q

Describe common features of Psoriasis.

A

red plaques with thick adherent scale and nail changes
inflammation stimulates a shortened cell turnover time (4 days)
Th17 response causes inflammation and rapid cell proliferation

30
Q

What causes Staphylococcal Scalded Skin syndrome?

A

exotoxin ET-A and ET-B that target desmoglein 1

31
Q

what are treatments of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin syndrome?

A

Hospital admission of IV antibiotics, skin care, and close monitoring

32
Q

Describe common features of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin syndrome.

A

malaise, irritability, fever, and skin pain
cutaneous erythema at the head that generalizes
flaccid bullae

33
Q

What are common humectant agents?

A

ammonium lactate and urea creams

34
Q

Where do you want to take a culture from for SSSS?

A

Nasopharynx, conjunctivae, or purulent skin lesions

NOT from bullae

Derm (9 decks)

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