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Medicine Year 1 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

0
Q

Are listeria gram positive or gram negative?

A

Positive

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1
Q

Are bacillus sp. gram positive or gram negative?

A

Positive

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2
Q

Are Enterococcus sp. gram positive or gram negative?

A

Positive

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3
Q

Are the Staphylococci gram positive or gram negative?

A

Positive

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4
Q

Are the Streptococci gram positive or gram negative?

A

Positive

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5
Q

Are the Diptheroids gram positive or gram negative?

A

Positive

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6
Q

Are the Clostridium sp. gram positive or gram negative?

A

Positive

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7
Q

Is Klebsiella gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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8
Q

Are the Proteus gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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9
Q

Is Salmonella gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram negative

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10
Q

Is Shigella gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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11
Q

Are the helicobacter sp. gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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12
Q

Is H. influenzae gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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13
Q

Is legionella gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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14
Q

Is E. coli gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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15
Q

Is pseudomonas gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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16
Q

Is camplylobacter gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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17
Q

Is helicobacter gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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18
Q

Is bacteroides gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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19
Q

Are the diplococci gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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20
Q

What are the diplococcal bacteria?

A

Meningitis and gonnorhoea

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21
Q

Is pertussis gram positive or gram negative?

A

Negative

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22
Q

What’s your mnemonic for the gram positive bacteria?

A

BLESS DC

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23
Q

What’s your mnemonic for the gram negative bacteria?

A

Katie probably had salmonella because she hardly played cards. Let everyone play dice.

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24
Q

What does it mean for an antibiotic to be bacteriostatic?

A

It doesn’t kill the pathogen, it just stops it growing. The white blood cells then kill it.

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25
Q

What are the macrolide antibiotics?

A

Clarythromycin
Azithromycin
Erythromycin

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26
Q

What’s the aminoglycoside antibiotic?

A

Gentamycin

27
Q

How must gentamycin be given?

28
Q

Is gentamycin good for gram positive or gram negative organisms?

A

Gram negatives

29
Q

What antibiotic would you use for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Gentamycin IV

30
Q

What antibiotic would you use for most hospital-acquired infections?

A

Gentamycin

31
Q

What’s clindamycin used for?

A

Second-line in penicillin allergic patients, with Staph and Strep infections

32
Q

What class of antibiotic would you use for intracellular infections?

A

Macrolides (azithroymcin, erythromycin,clarythromycin)

33
Q

Which macrolide antibiotic can you give in pregnancy?

A

Erythromycin

34
Q

What would you use for clostridium infection?

A

Erythromycin or clarithromycin

35
Q

What antibiotic would you use for streptococcus infection??

A

Erithromycin or clarithromycin, or flucloxacillin

36
Q

Which antibiotic would you use against staph. aureus?

A

Flucloxacillin

37
Q

What antibiotic would you use against MRSA?

A

Gentamycin

38
Q

What antibiotic would you use against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Gentamycin

39
Q

What antibiotic would you use against E. coli?

A

Gentamycin

40
Q

What antibiotic would you use against Neisseria spp.?

A

Gentamycin

41
Q

What antibiotic would you use against an atypical pneumonia?

A

Doxycycline

42
Q

Which antibiotic is used for Staphylococci and Streptococci only?

A

Flucloxacillin

43
Q

What is flucloxacillin used for?

A

Staph and Strep

44
Q

Which penicillin is good for gram positive organisms?

A

Flucloxacillin

45
Q

What’s the antibiotic for C. diff infection?

A

Vancomycin oral

46
Q

Name an antibiotic with really good gram positive cover.

A

Vancomycin

47
Q

What are the side effects of gentamycin?

A

Damages kidneys

Deafness/dizziness

48
Q

What are the side effects of vancomycin?

A

Red man syndrome

Kidney damage

49
Q

What kind of hypersensitivity reaction is a true penicillin allergy?

50
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms by which bacteria gain resistance to antibiotics?

A

Tranformation
Conjugation
Transduction

51
Q

What is bacterial transduction?

A

DNA transferred from one bacterium to antother by viruses - bacteriophages.

52
Q

What is bacterial transformation?

A

Scavenging of free DNA from dead bacteria by other bacteria.

53
Q

What is bacterial conjugation?

A

Transfer of plasmids by sex, using pili

54
Q

Which antibiotics would you use for mild/moderate community-acquired pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin

55
Q

Which antibiotics would you use for mild/moderate community-acquired pneumonia? WITH PENICILLIN ALLERGY?

A

Doxycycline

56
Q

What antibiotcs would you use for severe community-acquired pneumonia? (Remember the step-down too)

A

Co-amoxiclav with clarithromycin or doxycycline

Step down to doxycycline

57
Q

What antibiotic would you give to someone with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin, metronidazole, and gentamycin

58
Q

What antibiotic would you give to someone with non-severe hospital-acquired pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin and metronidazole

59
Q

What antibiotic would you give for an acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

Amoxicillin

60
Q

What’s the empirical therapy for endocarditis?

A

Gentamycin and vancomyin

61
Q

What antibiotic would you give for non-severe C. diff infection?

A

Metronidazole

62
Q

What antibiotic would you give for severe C. diff infection?

A

Vancomycin with or without metronidazole

63
Q

What is the empirical antibiotic therapy?

A

Amoxicillin, metronidazole, gentamycin

64
Q

What are the 4 C antibiotics?

A

Clindamycin
Cephalosporins
Co-amoxiclav
Ciprofloxacin

65
Q

Why should you avoid the 4 C antibiotics?

A

Increase the risk of C. diff infection

Medicine Year 1 (6 decks)

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