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MLSP > microbiology > Flashcards

microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Classes of Biosafety Cabinet

-Allow room air to pass into cabinet and around the area and material within, sterilizing only the air to be exhausted
-consist of negative pressure
-operated in open front

A

Class I

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2
Q

Classes of Biosafety Cabinet

-air flows in “sheets”, which serves as a barrier to particle from outside the cabinet
Direct the flow of contaminated air into the filters
-also called as VERTICAL LAMINAR FLOW BSCs

A

Class II

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3
Q

Classes of Biosafety Cabinet

-self-contained, and 70% of the air is recirculated.

A

Class IIA

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4
Q

Classes of Biosafety Cabinet

-selected for radioisotopes, toxic chemicals or carcinogenic samples

A

Class IIB

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5
Q

-very simple microbes, consisting of nucleic acid, a few proteins, and (in some) a lipid envelope.
-completely dependent on the cells they infect for their survival and replication.

A

virus

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6
Q

-with both RNA and DNA, metabolic machinery for self-replication, and a complex cell wall structure.
Prokaryotic - simple unicellular organisms

A

bacteria, prokaryotik

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7
Q

-subdivided into single-celled organisms (yeasts) or multi-celled organisms
(molds), with a few medically important members existing in both forms (dimorphic fungi).

A

fungi

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8
Q

-subdivided into single-celled organisms(protozoa) or multi-celled organisms (worms and bugs).

A

parasites

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9
Q

• Prokaryotic unicellular organisms that lack a true nucleus and nuclear membrane
• Single, closed, circular chromosomes of double-stranded DNA called
NUCLEOID.
• PLASMIDS: small circular molecules of extrachromosomal circular DNA
• May either be GRAM POSITIVE or GRAM NEGATIVE

A

BACTERIA

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10
Q

asexual reproduction of bacteria

A

BINARY FISSION:

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11
Q

size: range from 0.2 to 2um in diameter and 1 to 6um in length
Gram Stain
• Principal stain used for microscopic examination of bacteria
• First devised by Hans Christian Gram during the late 19th century
• Divide most bacterial species into two large groups:
• Gram-positive: take up the basic dye, crystal violet
• Gram-negative: allow crystal violet dye to wash out easily with decolorizer alcohol or acetone

A

BACTERIA

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12
Q

spherical-shaped cells

A

COCCI:

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13
Q

rod-shaped cells

A

BACILLI

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14
Q

spiral shaped cells

A

SPIRILLA

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15
Q

comma- shaped cells

A

VIBRIOS

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16
Q

-Process by which bacteria catabolize carbohydrates to produce energy

A

FERMENTATION

17
Q

-also known as oxidation
-Process of bacterial energy generation rather than fermentation

A

RESPIRATION

18
Q

• Universal Precautions are followed throughout the collection and handling process.
• Persons collecting or handling specimens should wear gloves and a laboratory gown
• Eye protection should also be worn if splashing
• Accidents or injuries (needle prick) must be reported immediately.

A

Safety

19
Q

• Specimen should be from the infection site and not contaminated by the surrounding area
• Specimen should be collected before antimicrobials are administered
(Antibiotics)
• Appropriate collection devices and containers should be used and must be
STERILE! ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE is required.
• Specimen container should LABELED with patient’s identification, the date and time of collection and the source of specimen

A

General Guidelines

20
Q

• Tongue should be depressed before swabbing between the tonsillar pillars and behind the uvula.
• The cheek, tongue, and teeth should NOT be touched.

A

Throat (Swabs)

21
Q

• Expectorated specimens from deep cough should be collected into a sterile specimen cup
• NOTE: Early morning specimens are the best.

A

Sputum

22
Q

• Should never be taken from the toilet and should not be contaminated with urine

A

Stool

23
Q

• Midstream clean-catch is the most common collection method.
• Culture for catheterized urine specimens usually have less contaminating bacterial flora

A

Urine

24
Q

• 2 to 3 cultures should be collected at random times during 24-hour period.
• Skin is disinfected with 70% alcohol, followed by lodine

A

Blood

25
Q

Blood

20-30mL of blood per culture is collected

A

ADULT

26
Q

Blood

1-5mL of blood per culture is collected

A

INFANTS

27
Q

• Should be collected aseptically by
PHYSICIAN
• Should be processed immediately and not exposed to heat or refrigeration

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

28
Q

Genital Tract

• Exudates may be expressed from the urethral orifice or a small-diameter swab inserted 3 to 4 cm into the urethra.

A

MEN (penile discharge)

29
Q

• A sterile swab is inserted into the cervix with a aid of speculum
• Swab is rotated and allowed to remain for a fer seconds

A

WOMEN (vaginal discharge)

30
Q

(t or f)

Anaerobic specimens must be transported in an anaerobic system.
2. Swab samples are not allowed to dry out
3. Most specimen can be held at 2°C to 8°C if transport cannot occur immediately
EXCEPT:
a.Temperature-sensitive organisms
b. Blood culture bottles
C.CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)

A

true

31
Q

• Support the growth of a wide range of microorganisms and are considered non-selective because, the growth of most organisms is supported
• Example: Blood Agar Plate and Chocolate Agar

A

NUTRITIVE MEDIA

32
Q

• Microorganisms that can be distinguished on the basis of certain growth characteristics evident on the medium
• Example: Blood agar plate

A

DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

33
Q

• Support the growth of one group of organisms, but not another, by adding antimicrobials, dyes, or alcohol to a particular medium.
• Example: MacConkey Agar, Columbia agar with colistin and nalidixic acid (CNA)

A

SELECTIVE MEDIA

34
Q

• Also called supplemental or enrichment broth
• For detection of small numbers of organisms present
Example: Thioglycollate (Thio) broth, brain-heart infusion broth (BHIB) and tryptic soy broth (TSB)

A

BACKUP BROTH

35
Q

Used when specific organisms are suspected
• Example: Mannitol salt agar, bismuth sulfite agar, Campylobacter agar, Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar

A

SPECIALIZED MEDIA

36
Q

INCUBATION

Normal incubation temperature for bacterial cultures
-Anaerobic jars, bags, or an anaerobic chamber are appropriate for incubation of anaerobic cultures

A

35°C-37°C

37
Q

INCUBATION

for stool cultures for detection of Campylobacter jejuni

A

42°C to 45°C

38
Q

(t or f)

  1. Specimen received in nonsterile or contaminated containers
  2. Specimen contaminated with barium or other foreign substances
  3. 24- hour urine or sputum collections
  4. Saliva instead of sputum
  5. Unrefrigerated urine specimens 2 hours or more post-collection
A

true

MLSP (14 decks)

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