HEMATOLOGY

Question 1

• Study of the formed (cellular) elements of the blood
• Hematology Section
- Cellular elements, red blood cells (RBCs)O,
white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets (Plts)
[can have further studying in the coagulation
section] are enumerated and classified in all
body fluids and in the bone marrow
- The MLT or MLS can detect disorders such as
leukemia, anemia, other blood diseases, and
infection and monitor their treatment

Answer 1

HEMATOLOGY

Question 2

SAMPLE COLLECTION AND HANDLING

Answer 2

WHOLE BLOOD
BLOOD

Question 3

• Most common body fluid analyzed in the
hematology section
• A mixture of cells and plasma
• Obtained by using a collection tube with an
anticoagulant to prevent clotting of the sample
[EDTA tube]

Answer 3

WHOLE BLOOD

Question 4

• The body’s main fluid for transporting nutrients,
waste products, gases, and hormones through the
circulatory system
• Average blood volume for adults: 5-6 liters

Answer 4

BLOOD

Question 5

is analyzed in the form of whole blood, plasma, or serum

Answer 5

Blood

Question 6

– liquid portion of anticoagulated blood
- Contains the protein fibrinogen

Answer 6

Plasma

Question 7

– liquid portion of clotted blood
- Fibrinogen in serum has already been used in
the clotting of blood

Answer 7

Serum

Question 8

– comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume; clear straw-colored fluid that is about 91% water and 9% dissolved substances

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

• Red blood cells
• Are anucleate biconcave disks that are
approximately 7.2 microns in diameter
• Erythrocytes contain the protein hemoglobin to
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Life span: 120 days

Answer 9

ERYTHROCYTES

Question 10

• Donut-shaped wherein the outer portion of the
  cell will be prominent in color and the middle
  one will likely be stained or have less color

Answer 10

ERYTHROCYTES

Question 11

• White blood cells
• Provide immunity to certain diseases by producing
antibodies and destroying harmful pathogens by
phagocytosis
• Normal number: 4,500 to 11,000 per microliter of
blood

Answer 11

LEUKOCYTES

Question 12

determines the number of all WBC present in the blood

Answer 12

White blood cell count

Question 13

determines the percentage of each type of leukocyte

Answer 13

Differential cell count

Question 14

• The most numerous leukocytes
(40-60%)
• Provide protection against infection through
phagocytosis

Answer 14

NEUTROPHILS

Question 15

• Called “segmented” or “polymorphonuclear cells”
- Nuclei of the neutrophils has 3-5 segments
• Increases in bacterial infection

Answer 15

NEUTROPHILS

Question 16

• The second most numerous leukocytes (20-40%)
• Provide the body with immune capability by means
of B and T lymphocytes - B-lymphocytes
[antibodies]; T-lymphocytes [active search and
destroy of antigens]

Answer 16

LYMPHOCYTES

Question 17

• Has a large round purple nucleus with a rim of sky
blue cytoplasm
• The number of lymphocytes increases in viral
infections [dengue, measles, and common cold]

Answer 17

LYMPHOCYTES

Question 18

• 3-8%
• Largest circulating leukocytes
• Act as a powerful phagocytes to digest foreign
material

Answer 18

MONOCYTES

Question 19

• The cytoplasm has a fine blue-gray appearance with vacuoles and a large, irregular nucleus
- Not as rounded as the other leukocytes
- Cannot mistake it from the others because of its
size
• A tissue monocyte is known as a macrophage
• The number of monocytes increases in intracellular
infections and tuberculosis

Answer 19

MONOCYTES

Question 20

• 1-3%
• Red orange granules, and the nucleus has only
two lobes [bilobes]
• Detoxify foreign proteins and increase in allergies, skin infections, and parasitic infections

Answer 20

EOSINOPHILS

Question 21

• 0-1%
• Least common of the leukocytes
• The cytoplasm contains large granules that stain
purple-black
• Release histamine in the inflammation process
and heparin to prevent abnormal blood clotting

Answer 21

BASOPHILS

Question 22

• Platelets
• Small, irregularly shaped disks formed from the
cytoplasm of very large cells in the bone marrow called the megakaryocytes
[largest cell in the bone marrow]
• Life span: 9-12 days

Answer 22

THROMBOCYTES

Question 23

• Average number: between 140,000 and 440,000 per
microliter of blood
• Play a vital role in blood clotting in all stages of the
coagulation mechanism

Answer 23

THROMBOCYTES

Question 24

• The primary analysis performed in the hematology
section
• Very often it is ordered on a STAT basis
• Series of different tests

Answer 24

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC)

Question 25

Sometimes a part of the hematology section, but in
larger laboratories, it is a separate section
- Tests here is not as open as the hematology
section

Answer 25

COAGULATION SECTION

Question 26

Specimen: __________from light blue stopper tubes
(Sodium citrate)

Answer 26

plasma

Question 27

The overall process of hemostasis is evaluated; this
includes:

Answer 27

• Platelets
• Coagulation factors
• Inhibitors
• Blood vessels
• Fibrinolysis
• Anticoagulant therapy (heparin and Coumadin)

Question 28

Needed for the microscopic of blood cells that is
performed for the differential blood cell count, for
special staining procedures, and for nonautomated
reticulocyte counts

Answer 28

Blood Smears

Question 29

Blood Smears
Obtained by:

Answer 29

• Dermal puncture
• Venipuncture: EDTA (within 1 hour of
  collection)

Question 30

Smooth film of blood that covers approximately one-half to two thirds of the slide

Answer 30

BLOOD SMEAR

Question 31

• Does not contain ridges or holes
• Has a lightly feathered edge without streaks
[ends]

Answer 31

BLOOD SMEAR