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MLSP > CHEM: SPECTROCHEMICAL METHODS > Flashcards

CHEM: SPECTROCHEMICAL METHODS Flashcards

1
Q

Measurements based on light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.

A

SPECTROCHEMICAL MEHTODS

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2
Q

• Provided the most widely used tools for the
elucidation of modern atomic theory.

A

SPECTROCHEMICAL MEHTODS

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3
Q

is any analytical method that uses light for measurement of chemical concentrations.

A

Spectrophotometry (spectroscopy)

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4
Q

was originally the study of the interaction between radiation and matter as a function of wavelength (λ)

A

SPECTROSCOPY

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5
Q

referred to the use of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength,
e.g. by a prism

A

SPECTROSCOPY

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6
Q

• Dispersion of light as it travels through a triangular prism

A

SPECTROSCOPY

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7
Q

can be thought of as a wave or particle.

A

Light

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8
Q

, is the distance between crests of a wave (m)

A

wavelength

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9
Q

, is the number of oscillations per second (Hz)

A

frequency

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10
Q

• Spectral Distribution of Radiant Energy

A

SPECTROSCOPY

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11
Q

• Extremely high-resolution spectrum of the Sun showing thousands of elemental absorption lines

A

SPECTROSCOPY

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12
Q

• also known as Beer’s law or the Lambert–Beer law or the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law

A

BEER-LAMBERT LAW

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13
Q

• is an empirical relationship that relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling.

A

BEER-LAMBERT LAW

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14
Q

• The law states that there is a logarithmic
dependence between the transmission (or
transmissivity), T, of light through a substance and the product of the absorption coefficient of the substance, α, and the distance the light travels through the material
- A = abc

A

BEER-LAMBERT LAW

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15
Q

is a plastic ware wherein we will put a sample and light will pass through it.

A

Cuvette

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16
Q

is the fraction of incident light at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample.

A

Transmittance

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17
Q

is a unitless measure of the transmittance of an optical element for a given length at a given wavelength

A

Optical density

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18
Q

• involves interactions of matter with
electromagnetic radiation, such as light.

can be classified into:
- Emission spectroscopy
- Absorption spectroscopy
- Scattering spectroscopy

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTROSCOPY

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19
Q

• is the study of electromagnetic radiation spectra given off by atoms or molecules that undergo a transition to a lower energy level.

A

EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY

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20
Q

• Such a process is called fluorescence or, under certain conditions, phosphorescence.

• Generally, emission spectroscopy deals with visible light and shorter wavelengths, since fluorescence is
less likely to happen with long wavelengths.

A

EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY

21
Q

EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY

• Examples:

A
  • Fluorescence spectroscopy or fluorometry or
    spectrofluorometry
  • Flame emission spectroscopy
  • X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
  • Stellar spectroscopy
22
Q

• is the study of electromagnetic radiation spectra absorbed by atoms or molecules that change energy levels; the atoms usually positioned between a radiation source and the observer.

A

ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

23
Q

can be used to determine the concentration of chemical compounds in samples

A

Absorption spectroscopy

24
Q

absorption of infrared radiation,

A

Vibrational spectroscopy

25
Q

is a technique for determining the concentration of a particular metal element in a sample

A

Atomic absorption

26
Q

absorption of ultraviolet and visible light

A

UV/visible spectroscopy

27
Q

Measures the absorption of gamma rays by atoms bound in a solid as a function of gamma-ray energy. This is not an analytical technique; it is a means to understand certain microscopic processes in matter.

A

Mossbauer spectroscopy

28
Q

is the subset of spectroscopy that deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

(IR spectroscopy)

29
Q

is widely used in both research and industry as a simple and reliable technique for measurement, quality control and dynamic measurement.

A

Infrared spectroscopy

30
Q

• It is of special use in forensic analysis in both criminal and civil cases, enabling identification of polymer degradation for example.
• It is perhaps the most widely used method of applied spectroscopy

A

Infrared spectroscopy

31
Q

produced and split into two separate beams.

A

beam of infrared light

32
Q

are both reflected back towards a
detector, however first they pass through a splitter which quickly alternates which of the two beams enters the detector

A

beams

33
Q

are then compared and a printout is obtained.

A

two signals

34
Q

• measures the amount of light that a substance scatters at certain wavelengths, incident angles, and polarization angles.

A

SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY

35
Q

One of the most useful applications of light
scattering spectroscopy

A

Raman spectroscopy

36
Q

is much faster than the absorption/emission process.

A

scattering process

37
Q

• is a spectroscopic technique used in condensed matter physics and chemistry to study vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system.

A

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

38
Q

• It relies on inelastic scattering, or Raman scattering, of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range.

A

RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

39
Q

• involves interactions with electron beams.
• Auger spectroscopy involves inducing the Auger effect with an electron beam. In this case the measurement typically involves the kinetic energy of the electron as variable.

A

ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY

40
Q

• involves the interaction of charged species with magnetic and/or electric fields, giving rise to a mass spectrum.
• is an analytical technique for the determination of the elemental composition of a sample or molecule.

A

MASS SPECTROMETRY

41
Q

• It is also used for elucidating the chemical
structures of molecules, such as peptides and other chemical compounds.

consists of ionizing chemical
compounds to generate charged molecules or
molecule fragments and measurement of their
mass-to-charge ratios

A

MASS SPECTROMETRY

42
Q

a sample is loaded onto the MS instrument, and its compounds are ionized by different methods (e.g., by impacting them with an electron beam), resulting in the formation of
charged particles (ions).
• The mass-to-charge ratio of the particles is then calculated from the motion of the ions as they transit through electromagnetic fields.

A

MASS SPECTROMETRY

43
Q

consist of three modules: an ion
source, which splits the sample molecules into ions; a mass analyzer, which sorts the ions by their masses by applying electromagnetic fields; and a detector, which measures the value of an indicator quantity and thus provides data for calculating the abundances of each ion present

A

MS instruments

44
Q

involves the frequency of sound.

A

Acoustic spectroscopy

45
Q

involves the frequency of an external electrical field

A

Dielectric spectroscopy

46
Q

involves the frequency of an external mechanical stress, e.g. a torsion applied
to a piece of material

A

Mechanical spectroscopy

47
Q

• is the quantifiable study of electromagnetic spectra.

A

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

48
Q

• It is more specific than the general term
electromagnetic spectroscopy in that
spectrophotometry deals with visible light, near-ultraviolet, and near-infrared

A

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

49
Q

is a photometer (a device for
measuring light intensity) that can measure
intensity as a function of the color, or more
specifically, the wavelength

A

spectrophotometer

MLSP (14 decks)

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