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MLSP > IMMUNOLOGY, SEROLOGY, AND BLOOD BANKING > Flashcards

IMMUNOLOGY, SEROLOGY, AND BLOOD BANKING Flashcards

1
Q

study of immune system (prevents
the establishment if infection in the body)

A

IMMUNOLOGY

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2
Q

Study of molecules, cells, tissue, organs, and
systems whose function is to recognize and dispose
harmful substances or foreign substances
• Study of desirable and undesirable consequences of
the immune system

A

IMMUNOLOGY

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3
Q

study of antigen-antibody reactions
• Study of non-cellular component of the blood called
SERUM

A

SEROLOGY

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4
Q

Samples used in serological test:

A
  • Serum – most commonly used
  • CSF
  • Urine
  • Stool
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5
Q

Also known as FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
• Stimulate the immune system [once it has entered
the body]

A

ANTIGEN

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6
Q

• Substances that induce or elicit an immune
response

• Substances that induce or elicit the production of
antibodies

A

ANTIGEN

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7
Q

Also knowns as IMMUNOGLOBULINS

A

ANTIBODIES

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8
Q

• One of the major substances produced by the
immune system that will block harmful antigen
o Find a specific antigen, bind to it, and then
destroy it

A

ANTIBODIES

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9
Q

ANTIBODIES Functions

A
  • Cell toxicity [destroy infectious agent]
  • Neutralization
  • Opsonization
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10
Q
  • Antigens involved are particulate
  • Clumping of reactants in serological test
A

Agglutination

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11
Q
  • Antigens involved are soluble antigens
  • Liquid form or formation of sediments in the
    mixture
A

Precipitation

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12
Q

OVERVIEW OF SEROLOGICAL TEST

A

Agglutination and Precipitation

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13
Q

DIFFERENT SEROLOGICAL TESTS

A

VDRL – VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCH LABORATORY TESTING
ELISA – ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
RAPID PLASMA REAGIN
FLUORESCENT IMMUNOASSAY

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14
Q

• Only use for screening for syphilis, uses heated
serum
• Principle; flocculation

A

VDRL – VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCH
LABORATORY TEST

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15
Q

• Also known as Enzyme immunoassay
• Measures enzymatic reactions
• Uses enzymes as labels
o These are produced enzymes that are
manufactured reagents to create color
reaction
o They are more specific than regular
serological tests but more prone to
contamination.

A

ELISA – ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSA

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16
Q

ELISA – ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSA

Enzyme labels:

A
  • Highly stable
  • Extreme specificity
  • Cannot be altered inhibitors
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17
Q

• Only use for screening for syphilis, uses unheated
serum
• Principle: flocculation

A

RAPID PLASMA REAGIN

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18
Q

• Uses fluorescent compounds known as
fluorophores or fluorochrome as labels

A

FLUORESCENT IMMUNOASSAY

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19
Q

• Uses radioactive substances as label

A

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

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20
Q

IMMUNITY

A

NATURAL IMMUNITY and ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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21
Q

• The condition of being resistant to infection
• The recognition of foreign substances and
subsequent production of antibodies to these
substances

A

IMMUNITY

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22
Q

• Can be classified as either innate or acquired
- Innate or natural immunity
- Acquired or adaptive immunity

A

IMMUNITY

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23
Q

• Innate or non-adaptive or non-specific
• Ability of an individual to resist infections by means
of normally present body functions
- Without the aid of vaccination, medications,
etc.
- White blood cells, proteins that have natural
immunity, skin.
• Present at birth

A

NATURAL IMMUNITY

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24
Q

type of ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

A

Adaptive or specific

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25
Q

a reaction resulting from
invasion of foreign substances
- Results from surviving an infection from a
foreign substance

A

Adaptive or specific

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26
Q

types of Adaptive or specific

A

Active and passive

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27
Q

types of active

A

Natural Active and Artificial Active

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28
Q

(the source of that is an infection; being exposed
then immune)

A

Natural Active

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29
Q

(vaccine) - This is when the body is involved in producing antibodies

A

Artificial Active

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30
Q

(mother’s breastmilk: maternal source)

A

Natural Passive

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31
Q

(commercially prepared; medical-grade; blood donation)
- The body is supplied with antibodies; the body
is given an already-made antibody (from an outside source)

A

Artificial Passive

32
Q

• Refers to the collection, processing, typing and
storage of whole blood and other blood products
• Also known as Immunohematology

A

BLOOD BANKING

33
Q

• Study of immunologic principles applied in blood
group specific antigen and antibodies
• It also deals with mechanism of blood typing and
crossmatching, detection and measurement of
antibody titers, screening of donors for blood
donation, bleeding techniques, proper labeling,
storing and disposal of blood emphasis on quality
assurance

A

BLOOD BANKING

34
Q

types of blood typing

A

Forward or Direct Typing and Reverse or Back Typing

35
Q
  • Detection of antigens on patients RBC using
    known commercial anti-sera
A

Forward or Direct Typing

36
Q
  • Detection of antibodies in serum of patient with
    known commercial RBCs suspension
  • To check if the blood type of the forward is correct
A

Reverse or Back Typing

37
Q

• Purpose:
- Ensure the safety of the donor
o If he is safe and capable to donate
450mL of blood
o If he is ready to donate blood

  • Ensure the safety of the recipient
    o Ensuring that the donor is free from
    infection that can be transmitted to
    recipient
A

BLOOD DONOR SCREENING

38
Q

FOUR TYPES OF BLOOD DONATION

A

Allogenic Donation
Apheresis Donation
Autologous Donation
Directed Donation

39
Q

SIX STEPS IN DONOR SCREENING AND
COLLECTION

A

• Registration
• Health or Medical history
• Physical examination
• Phlebotomy [like venipuncture; testing the blood
for any blood-borne disease]
• Post-donation care
• Serological Testing of donor’s blood

40
Q

vital information must contain:

A
  • Name
  • Address
  • Telephone number
  • Date and Time of collection
  • Gender and Birthdate
  • Age
41
Q

– average amount of blood to be transfused

A

450 mL

42
Q

average volume of blood in the body

A

5-6L

43
Q

the fluid loss can be replenish

A

4 days

44
Q

the iron loss can be replenish

A

56 days

45
Q

replace or produce or to take the lifespan of red blood cell

A

120 days

46
Q

You must verify the donor’s identity by asking
for ___________

A

VALID ID

47
Q

5 types of PHYSICAL EXAMINATION in blood transfusions

A

Weight, Temperature, Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit

48
Q
  • Minimum weight requirement
A

50kgs/110lbs

49
Q

There should be __________to be donated

A

10.5 mL/kg

50
Q
  • Maximum amount of blood for blood bag is
A

525mL

51
Q

Anticoagulant present is

A

63mL

52
Q

Required temperature is

A

not >37° or 99.5°F

53
Q

Blood Pressure

not <180mmHg

A

Systole

54
Q

blood pressure

not <100mmHg

A

Diastole

55
Q
  • Use the index finger or the middle finger or
    both
  • Count in 1 full minute
A

Pulse Rate

56
Q

Pulse Rate Normal Value

A

50-100 or 60-100bpm

57
Q

is the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood;

A

Hemoglobin

58
Q

the volume of RBC

A

Hematocrit

59
Q

Standard Method:

A

cyanmethemoglobin

60
Q

Screening Test

A

Copper Sulfate Solution

61
Q

(t or f)

  • If the blood SINK within 15 seconds: >12.5g/dL
    (ACCEPT)
  • If the blood FLOAT within 15 seconds: <12.5g/dL
    (DEFER)
A

true

62
Q

COMPONENT PREPARATION AND THERAPY

A

Whole Blood
Components
Closed System
Open System

63
Q

blood collected before separation into components

A

Whole Blood

64
Q

parts of whole blood that are separated

A

Components

65
Q

a sterile system of blood collection

A

Closed System

66
Q

when the collection is exposed to air, decreasing expiration date

A

Open System

67
Q
  • Fresh whole blood cells
  • Stored: 1-6°C
  • Transport: 1-10°C (place inside the ice box)
A

Whole Blood

68
Q
  • Stored: 1-6°C
  • Transport: 1-10°C (place inside the ice box)
A

Red Blood Cells

69
Q
  • Stored 20-24°C (room temperature with
    constant agitation)
  • Important to have this constant agitation so
    that the platelets will not clump
A

Platelets

70
Q

(plasma that is freshly separated from whole blood)
- Stored: 1-6°C
- Transfused within 24 hours

A

Fresh Frozen Plasma

71
Q
  • Stores: -18°C for 1 year
A

Cryoprecipitate

72
Q
  • Stored: -18°C
A

Plasma and Liquid Plasma

73
Q

• 2 methods:
- Intermittent: 1 Vein
- Continuous: 2 Veins
• Anticoagulant: Heparin
• Advantages:
- Large volume of blood
- Removal of unwanted substances

A

APHERESIS

74
Q

• Collection of platelets by apheresis while returning
the RBCs, WBCs, and component plasma

A

PLATELET APHERESIS

75
Q

• Removal of PMNs, basophils, eosinophils for
transfusion into patients whole PMNs are
ineffective or where traditional therapy has failed

A

LEUKAPHERESIS

76
Q

• Collection of blood plasma by apheresis while
returning the RBCs, WBCs, and platelet

A

PLASMAPHERESIS

MLSP (14 decks)

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