Microbiology Flashcards
BAP and CAP are examples of what media
Enriched / non-selective / nutritive
MAC is both _____ & _____ media
Differential and selective
What type of media is MSA
Selective media
Inhibit growth of other organisms while promoting growth of desired organism
Selective media
CM of Burkholderia pseduomallei
Ashdown medium
CM of Salmonella typhi
Bismuth sulfite agar
CM of Bordetella pertussis
Bordet-Gengou (potato blood glycerol)
CM of Legionella spp
BCYE (Buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar)
CM of Campylobacter spp.
Campy-blood agar
CM of Yersinia spp
CIN (Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar)
CM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Cetrimide agar
CM of Bordetella perussis
Charcoal cephalexin blood agar
CM of Haemophilus spp. and Neisseria spp.
Chocolate agar
CM of Haemophilus spp.
Chocolate blood agar with horse blood
CM of Gram-positive cocci
CNA (Columbia colistin-nalidixic acid)
CM of Clostridium difficile
CCFA (Cyloserine-cefotixin fructose agar)
CM of Francisella tularensis
Cystine blood glucose agar
CM of Aspergillus spp.
Czapek’s agar
CM of Leptospira
Fletcher’s semi-solid medium
CM of Salmonella & Shigella vs. other enteric bacilli
Hektoen enteric (HE) agar
CM of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Loeffler’s serum medium / Pai medium
CM of lactose vs. non-lactose fermenting enteric bacill
MacConkey agar
CM of E.coli 0157:H7
MacConkey sorbitol agar
CM of Staphylococci
Mannitol salt agar
CM of Mycobacteria
Middlebrook 7H10
Mueller Hinton Agar has a depth of
4 mm
CM of Bordetella pertussis
Regan-Lowe agar
CM of Campylobacter spp.
Skirrow agar
CM of N.gonorrhoeae and N. meningitis
Thayer-Martin agar
CM of anaerobes and aerobes
Thioglycollate broth
CM of Vibrio spp.
TCBS (thiosulfate citrate-bile salt sucrose)
CM of S. agalactiae
Todd-Hewitt broth
CM of Salmonella and Shigella
XLD (Xylose lysine desoxycholate) agar
Special stain for Mycolic acid (e.g. Mycobacteria)
Ziehl-Neelsen
Special stain for yeast cells
India ink (negative stain)
Special stain for endospores
Schaeffer-Fulton
Special stain for nucleic acid
Acridine orange
Special stain for flagella
Leifson
Special stain for polar bodies (Y. pestis)
Wayson
Special stain for Rickettsia
Gimenez stain
Special stain for Spirochetes
Dieterle silver stain
Special stain for Mycobacterium leprae
Fite-Faraco (counterstain: Hematoxylin)
Biosafety level: Equipped with handwashing sinks
1
Biosafety level: SARS-CoV-2, BSL 2
2
Biosafety level: Organisms are primarily transmitted by infectious AEROSOL, SARS-CoV-2, BSL-3
3
Biosafety level: EXOTIC AGENTS, maximum containment
4
Biosafety cabinet that filters EXHAUSTED air ONLY
1
70% recirculated 30% exhausted
2 (A1)
30% recirculated 70% exhausted
2 (B1)
BSC for handling SARS-CoV-2 testing
2 (A2)
100% exhausted NO recirculation
2 (B2)
BSC that is completely enclosed, centrifuge can be installed
3
HEPA
High-Efficiency Particulate Air
HEPA pore size
0-3 mm
Class 2 BSCs are also called
Vertical laminar flow BSCs
BSC for RADIOISOTOPES, toxic chemical and carcinogens
Class 2B
CSF specimen level of prioritization
1
For superficial abscess, swab along leading __________
Edge of the wound
Specimens for microbiology testing should be transported to the laboratory within
15 minutes (<15)
Draw blood at time of _____ episodes. How many sets
Febrile (before the fever spikes)
2 sets (left and right arms)
Incubate CSF at
37C
O & P examination. How many specimens
3 specimens
- every other day (outpatient)
- everyday (inpatient)
Transport stool in the laboratory within
2 hours
For sputum sample, gargle with
Water
Specimen of choice for Bordetella pertussis
Nasopharyngeal swab
Acetamide utilization is a test for __________ with a positive result of __________
Pseudomonas aeruginosa; blue color
Acetate utilization is a test for __________ with a positive result of __________
Escherichia coli; blue color
Bacitracin susceptibility is a test for __________ which uses _____ amount of bacitracin
Streptococcus pyogenes, 0.04 U
Bile esculin is a test for __________ with a positive result of __________
Enterococcus faecalis; blackening of agar slant
Bile solubility is a test for __________ with a positive result of __________
Streptococcus pneumonia; lysed colonies
Bile solubility test reagent to lyse the colony of S. pneumoniae
Sodium desoxycholate
Positive result for CAMP test
Arrowhead-shaped
In catalase test, 30% H2O2 will yield
H2O and O2
Citrate utilization is a test for __________ with a positive result of __________
Enterobacter aerogenes; blue color
Slide coagulase test detects
Bound coagulase
Tube coagulase test detects
Free coagulase
Coagulase is a test for __________ with a positive result of __________
Staphylococcus aureus; clot (tube test)
Decarboxylased ORNITHINE will lead to
Putrescine
Decarboxylased LYSINE will lead to
Cadaverine
Good growth at both 35C and 42C
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Decarboxylased ORNITHINE will lead to
Indole production is a test for __________ with a positive result of __________
Escherichia coli; cherry red color
Indicator for MRVP test
MR
MRVP principle
Butylene Glycol Pathway
MRVP: Bright red color (pH 4.4)
Methyl red
MRVP: red color
Voges-Proskauer
In motility testing, growth along the stab line means
Negative / non-motile
MUG test is a test for __________ which leads to a positive result of __________
Escherichia coli; electric blue fluorescence
Negative result for MUG test
Lack of fluorescence
ONPG test positive result
Yellow
Optochin (P disk) susceptibility test is used to detect __________ with a positive result of __________
Streptococcus pneumoniae; ZOI of 14mm or more
Ethylenehydrocupreine hydrochloride (5 ug) is a test principle for
Optochin (Taxo P) susceptibility test
Positive result of Kovac’s method (oxidase test)
Dark purple
X and V factor requirement
Growth around XV disk
V factor requirement
Growth around V; no growth around X; light growth around XV
Halo of growth around XV disk. What microorganism
Haemophilus influenzae
No requirement for either X and V factor. What microorganism
Haemophilus aprophilus
Virulence factor that acts as an acceptor of Factor H
M protein
*FHM
Taxo A SUSCEPTIBLE; PYR (+)
Group A (S. pyogenes)
SXT RESISTANT; the ONLY CAMP (+) and HIPPURATE (+)
Group B (S. agalactiae)
SXT RESISTANT; 6.5% NaCl (+); Bile Esculin (+); PYR (+)
Enterococcus
Taxo P SUSCEPTIBLE; Bile SOLUBLE
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Woolsorter’s disease. What type of anthrax
Pulmonary anthrax
VP (+) Enterobacteriaceae
*KESHP
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Serratia
Hafnia
Pantoea
H2S (+) Enterobacteriaceae
*PECS
Proteus
Edwardsiella
Citrobacter
Salmonella
NONMOTILE enterobacteriaceae
*ShKY
Shigella
Klebsiella
Yersinia
PAD (+) enterobacteriaceae
*PPM
Proteus
Providencia
Morganella
++–
Escherichia coli
–++
Klebsiella
Indole positive Klebsiella
Klebsiella oxytoca
Flat, dry, PINK colonies with darker pink area of precipitated bile salts on MAC
Escherichia coli
YELLOW on XLD; forms blue-black with GREEN METALLIC SHEEN on EMB
Escherichia coli
Burnt chocolate cake odor
Proteus
Swarming on MAC
Proteus
Red with BLACK CENTER on XLD
Salmonella
Flat colonies with JAGGED EDGES on MAC
Shigella sonnei
Colorless on XLD
Shigella
“Molar tooth”
Actinomyces israelli
“Medusa head” with flat, irregular, swirling projections
Bacillus anthracis
Gliding motility
Capnocytophaga
Dark purple color; AMMONIUM CYANIDE odor
Chromobacterium violaceum
Gray colonies
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Resembles C. diphtheriae
C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis
“Ground glass” on CCFA
Clostridium difficile
DOUBLE ZONE of beta-hemolysis
Clostridium perfringens
May PIT or corrode the agar surface
Eikenella corrodens
“Fried egg” appearance
Mycoplasma hominis
Gray, translucent, smooth, glistening, may have dry CLAYLIKE consistency
Neisseria elongata
“Mushroom odor”
Pasteurella multocida
Grape-like or corn tortilla like odor
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
“Strawberry-like odor”
Pseudomonas fragi
Salmon-pink pigment
Rhodococcus
Raised, beta-hemolytic pigmented CREAMY YELLOW colonies
Staphylococcus aureus
Grayish white, translucent, MATTE or GLOSSY, LARGE ZONE of beta-hemolysis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Which of the following can transmit plague bacillus
Xenopsylla cheopis
Glucose (+) What Neisseria spp.
N. gonorrhoeae
Glucose (+) Maltose (+) What Neisseria spp.
N. meningitidis
Glucose (+) Maltose (+) Lactose (+) What Neisseria spp.
N. lactamica
Glucose (+) Maltose (+) Fructose (+) SUCROSE (+) What Neisseria spp.
N. sicca
Helicobacter is urease ___
(+) positive
Hippurate (+) ; grows at 42C (campylobacter/helicobacter)
Campylobacter jejuni
Oxidase (-) Bordetella
B. parapertussis
Urease (+) in 4 hours. What bordetella
B. bronchiseptica
X and V factor
Haemophilus influenzae
V factor only; WITH porphyrin
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
NO X and V factor; WITH porphyrin
Haemophilus aphrophilus
TB-DOTS screening test recommended by DOH
DSSM (direct sputum smear microscopy)
Best confirmatory test for TB
Molecular (GeneXpert, NAAT, PCR)
Gold standard confirmatory test for TB
Culture
Number of specimens submitted for DSSM
2
Size of AFB smear
2 x 3 cm
Number of fields examined in AFB smear
300
No AFB/300 fields
Negative
1-9 AFB/100 fields
Doubtful
10-99 AFB/100 fields
1+
1-10 AFB/field in at least 50 fields
2+
> 10 AFB/field in at least 20 fields
3+
Fastest way of killing tuberculosis
Boiling (10 minutes)
Formation of acid and gas in lactose broth; demonstration of gram-negative bacilli in the agar culture
Completed test
Results of water bacteriology are reported as
MPN (most probable number)
Positive quality control organism for water bacteriology
Escherichia coli
Milk-borne disease for cows
Salmonella typhi
Milk-borne disease for humans
Bacillus anthracis
Spaghetti and meatballs fungi
Malassezia furfur
(+) UV light fluorescence fungi
Microsporum canis
Club-shaped macroconidia
Epidermophyton floccosum
(+) hair penetration test; “V-shaped” fungi
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Balloon-shaped microconidia
Trichophyton tonsurans
Rose-gardener’s disease
Sporothrix schenckii
Capsule stained by india ink
Cryptococccus neoformans
Germ-tube; cornmeal agar
Candida albicans
“Farmer’s lung”
Aspergillus spp.
Produce a false-positive reaction in a serologic test for Histoplasma capsulatum
1 = Blastomyces
2 = Coccidioides immitis
Anticoagulant for viral CULTURE
Heparin
Anticoagulant for viral PCR
EDTA
Aplastic anemia. What virus
Parvovirus B19
Site of latency is the dorsal root ganglia. What virus
Varicella-Zoster
Caused of viral diarrhea in ADULTS
Norwalk virus
Cause of gastroenteritis in INFANTS and CHILDREN during WINTER SEASONS
Rotavirus
Coryza, conjunctivitis, cough, red rash. What virus
Paramyxovirus
Hand-foot-mouth disease. What virus
Coxsackie virus
Aseptic meningitis. What virus
Enterovirus
Hairy cell leukemia (HTLV-2) is caused by what virus
Retrovirus
CNS virus causing acute encephalitis (RABIES)
Rhabdovirus
