Blood banking Flashcards
ISBT 001
ABO
ISBT 004
Rh
pH-dependent and glucose-dependent antibody found on Glycophorin A
Anti-M
Found in patient dialyzed with formaldehyde-sterilized equipment
Anti-N
Also found on Glycophorin A and is reactive with Vicia graminea
Anti-N
Found on Glycophorin B
Anti-S and anti-s
Antibody seen in Hydatid disease
Anti-P1
Antibody seen in PCH. It binds to RBCs at cold temperature and causes RBCs lysis via complement at 37C
Anti-P
Also known as Donath-Landsteiner antibody
Anti-P
Anti-PP1Pk is also known as
Anti-Tj(a)
IgG1 and IgG3 are of greatest clinical significance
Anti-D
Rh null phenotype
—/—
Rh null is associated with
Stomatocytosis
The name Lutheran was a misinterpretation of donor’s name
Lutteran
2nd to D in immunogenicity
Kell (anti-K)
McLeod phenotype and CGD is associated with what antibody
Anti-K
Resistant to malaria (P. vivax and P. knowlesi)
Fy (a-b-)
Marker for African Black race
Fy (a-b-)
Frequent in Chinese population
Fy (a+b-)
Subtype associated with P. knowlesi and P. vivax
Fy6
Notorious antibody
Anti-Jk
Associated with delayed HTR
Anti-Jk
Methyldopa is associated with what blood group
Kidd
Marker for Mongolian ancestry
Diego (Anti-Di)
Antigens are expressed / located in the RBCs and kidneys. What blood group
Diego
Antigens are located on RBC acetylcholinesterase
Cartwright
Sex linked; higher in females (89%) What blood group
Xg
Higher in the Mennonite population. What blood group
Scianna
What blood group is associated with HLA
Chido-Rodgers
Antibodies neutralized by pooled plasma
Anti-Ch and Anti-Rg
C4A
Rodgers
C4B
Chido
Blood group associated with CD55 or DAF (decay accelerating factor)
Cromer
Antigens reside on complement receptor 1 (CR1)
Knops
Associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (cold AIHA)
Autoanti-I
Associated with infectious mononucleosis
Anti-i
Newest blood group system
RHAG
Sodium phosphate anticoagulant is introduced by
Braxton Hicks
He determined the minimum amount of citrate needed for anticoagulation
Lewisohn
Citrate-Dextrose is introduced by
Rous and Turner
Acid-Citrate-Dextrose (ACD) was introduced in _____ by __________
1943; Loutit and Mollison
Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose (CPD) was introduced in _____ by __________
1957; Gibson
In the 1st recorded transfusion, blood was given to
Pope Innocent VII
They introduced P blood group in 1927 by injecting rabbits with human RBCs and divided those cells into 2 groups
Landsteiner and Levine
IgM are of greatest significance. What antibody (ies)
Most = Anti-Lu (a)
Usually = Anti-Le (b)
IgM are of greatest significance. What antibody (ies)
Anti-Rh
Anti-S and anti-s
Anti-K
Anti-Fy
Anti-Jk
Destroyed by enzymes
MNS, Duffy, Chido-Rodgers, Cartwright, Xg
Enhanced by enzymes
ABO
Rh
Kidd
P
I
Lewis
A1A2. What is the phenotype
A1
Probable blood group for ABO discrepancy seen with “weak or missing antibodies”
O
Resolution for ABO discrepancy seen with “weak or missing antibodies “
Lower the temperature to 4C for 15 minutes
Probable blood group for ABO discrepancy caused by an “acquired B antigen”
A
Conditions that may cause “Rouleaux formation”
Plasma expanders
Elevated fibrinogen
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
Probable blood group for ABO discrepancy caused by “Rouleaux formation”
AB
Agglutination with A1 and B cells in reverse type is due to
Rouleaux (“stack of coins” or pseudoagglutination)
Resolution for “Rouleaux formation”
Saline replacement
Identify the blood type of this newborn patient:
Forward typing:
Anti-A = 0
Anti-B = 4+
Reverse typing:
A1 cells = 0
B cells = 0
Group B
Donor deferral: Purplish blue lesions (Kaposi’s sarcoma)
Indefinite deferral
Donor deferral: White spots in mouth (thrush)
Indefinite deferral
Donor deferral: Multiple needle puncture marks (drug abuse)
Indefinite deferral
Volume of blood drawn from blood donor
450 mL
Volume of anticoagulant in blood donation
63 mL
For Apheresis RBC donation, males should weight
130 lbs
For Apheresis RBC donation, females should weight
130 lbs
Qualified body weight for blood donation
50 kg (110 lbs)
Pulse rate qualification in blood donation
50-100 BPM
Blood pressure qualification in blood donation
Systolic = 90 to 160
Diastolic = 60 to 100
(90 over 60 to 160 over 100)
Hemoglobin content in allogeneic donation
More than or equal to 12.5 g/dL
Hemoglobin content in autologous donation
More than or equal to 11.0 g/dL
Value of Platelet count (plateletpheresis)
More than or equal to 150 x 10^9 / L
Value of total protein (plasmapheresis)
More than or equal to 6.0 g/dL
Donor deferral: Cancer
Indefinite/permanent
Donor deferral: Viral hepatitis, High risk behavior for AIDS
Indefinite/permanent
Donor deferral: Recipient of human (pituitary) derived growth hormone
Indefinite/permanent
Donor deferral: Recipient of insulin from cows (Mad Cow disease risk)
Indefinite/permanent
Donor deferral: Malaria refugee/ immigrant
3 years
Donor deferral: Hepatitis B and Rabies vaccine
1 year
Donor deferral: Tattoo, major operations, dental surgery
1 year
Donor deferral: Blood transfusion
1 year
Donor deferral: Syphilis, gonorrhea, sexual contact with prostitute or other persons in a high-risk group for AIDS
1 year
Donor deferral: Travel to Palawan
1 year
Donor deferral: 1st or 2nd trimester abortion/miscarriage
No deferral
Donor deferral: Recent blood donation
3 months
Donor deferral: Rubella (German measles) vaccine
1 month
Donor deferral: Chickenpox
1 month
Donor deferral: Smallpox vaccine
2-3 weeks
Donor deferral: Live attenuated vaccines
2 weeks
Donor deferral: Rubeola (measles) vaccine, oral polio vaccine, yellow fever vaccine, and typhoid vaccine
2 weeks
Donor deferral: Aspirin intake for plateletpheresis
3 days
Donor deferral: Aspirin intake for whole blood donation
No deferral
Donor deferral: Feldene intake
2 days
Donor deferral: After alcohol intake
12 hours
Donor deferral: Synthetic vaccines/killed vaccines/recombinant vaccines
No deferral
Donor deferral: Influenza and HPV vaccine
No deferral
MMR (Measles-Mumps-Rubella) vaccine deferral period
4 weeks
Collection of whole blood with the concurrent infusion of CRYSTALLOID or COLLOID
Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution
ACD (acid-citrate-dextrose) storage time
21 days
CPD (citrate-phosphate-dextrose) storage time
21 days
CPD2 (citrate-phosphate-double-dextrose) storage time
21 days
CPDA-1 (citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine) storage time
35 days
CPDA-2 (citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine) storage time
35 (or 42) days
Adsol (AS-1), Nutricel (AS-3), Optisol (AS-5) storage time
42 days
SAG-M (Saline-Adenine-Glucose-Mannitol) storage time
42 days
Packed and washed RBC storage temperature
1-6C
Shelf-life of PRBC
24 hours (open system)
PRBC is used for
Oxygen increase
Washed RBCs are used for
IgA-negative persons, PNH
Shelf-life of frozen RBCs
10 years
Shelf life of FFP if stored at -18C
1 year
Shelf life of FFP if stored at -65C
7 years
FFP are used to treat
Liver disease, DIC
Cryoprecipitate storage temperature
-18C or colder
Shelf life of FFP
1 year
Cryoprecipitate is used to treat
Hemophilia A
vWD
FXIII deficiency
Factor IX concentrate storage temperature
1-6C
Factor IX concentrate is used for treatment of
Hemophilia B
Granulocyte concentrate storage temperature
RT without agitation
Shelf life of granulocyte concentrate
24 hours
Shelf life of platelet stored at RT without agitation
5 days
Shelf life of platelet stored at 1-6C
2 days
% of RBC recovery in deglycerolized RBCs
80% (or 85%)
Composition of cryoprecipitate in FVIII
80 (to 100) units
What are neocytes
Young RBCs; blood cells newly released by bone marrow; reticulocytes
IgG antibody in ABO are produced by
O mothers
ABO Bilirubin at birth
Normal range
Rh bilirubin at birth
Elevated
ABO microspherocytes
Present
Rh microspherocytes
Absent
ABO phototherapy
Yes (mild to moderate HDN)
Rh phototherapy
Yes
Lactic acid, plasma potassium, and plasma hemoglobin are (increased/decreased) in RBC storage lesions
Increased
Glucose, ATP, pH, 2,3-DPG are (increase/decrease) in RBC storage lesions
Decreased
Color of Anti-A reagent
Blue
Color of Anti-B reagent
Yellow
Color of Anti-A, B reagent
Colorless
Color of Anti-D reagent
Colorless
Color of AHG reagent
Green
Color of LISS reagent
Colorless
Color of bovine serum albumin reagent
Colorless
Color of 2-5% RBC suspensiom
Tomato red or cherry red
Developed the gel test
Dr. Yves Lapierre
Major advantage of gel technology
Standardization
Major disadvantage of gel technology
Needs special equipment, sample restrictions
Reagents used in gel technology
Dextran acrylamide (gel), LISS
Incubation time of gel technology
15 minutes (to 1 hour)
Centrifugation time of gel technology
10 minutes
Gel tube technology reaction: Red cells forming a well-delineated PELLET in the bottom of the microtube
0
Gel tube technology reaction: Layer of RBC agglutinates ate the TOP accompanied by PELLET in the BOTTOM
mf
Gel tube technology reaction: RBC agglutinates observed in the LOWER HALF of the gel columns with cells also in the bottom
1+
Gel tube technology reaction: RBC agglutinates DISPERSED THROUGHOUT the gel column with few agglutinates at the bottom
2+
Gel tube technology reaction: Few agglutinates staggered below the thicker band and majority of agglutinates are observed in the TOP HALF of the gel column
3+
Gel tube technology reaction: SOLID BAND of agglutinated red cells at the TOP of the gel column
4+
Process of removing antibody from the RBC MEMBRANE
Elution
Process of removing antibodies in the SERUM
Adsorption
Transfusion reaction wherein there is a 1C increase in the temperature
FNHTR
FNHTR prevention/treatment
Leukoreduced RBCs
Washed RBCs
Prevention/treatment for blood transfusion caused by allergic reaction
Washed RBCs
Transfusion reaction wherein patient has IgA deficiency with anti-IgA antibodies
Anaphylactic (severe allergic)
Prevention/treatment for anaphylactic reaction
Washed RBCs
Deglycerolized RBCs
Transfusion reaction that has signs and symptoms resembling respiratory distress (within 6 hours)
TRALI (NCPE)
Associated with hypoxemia and pulmonary edema
TRALI (NCPE)
Prevention/treatment for TRALI
Leukoreduced RBCs
Male only plasma
Transfusion reaction caused by T lymphocyte proliferation
TA-GVHD
Prevention/treatment for TA-GVHD
Irradiated RBCs
Transfusion reaction caused by anti-platelet antibodies
PTP
Transfusion reaction associated with BNP ratio of 1.5
TACO
Dark purple or black discoloration in the unit is due to
Bacterial contamination
Most common isolate found in RBC units
Yersinia enterocolitica
Most frequently recovered bacteria from donated blood and contamination of platelets
S. epidermidis and B. cereus
Transfusion reaction associated with citrate toxicity (causes hypocalcemia)
PCITR
Acute transfusion reactions occur WITHIN ___ hours of transfusion
24 hours
Delayed transfusion reactions occur AFTER ___ hours of transfusiom
24 hours
Newly discovered blood transfusion-transmitted virus
TTV (1997)
