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USMLE STEP1 📚👩🏻‍⚕️ > Microbiology 🦠🧫 > Flashcards

Microbiology 🦠🧫 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Chagus Disease
Romana sign

A

Protozoal disease
Affect visceral organs
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Big (Megacolon / Mega esophagus)
Unilateral periorbital swelling

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2
Q

Spiking fever
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia
Via sandfly
Protozoal infection

A

Leishmaniasis

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3
Q

Severe form of malaria
Crescent shaped hametocytes

A

P Falciparum
Occlude capillaries in brain ,kidney ,lung
Infect RBC

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4
Q

Brain abscess found in AIDs patient
Mononucleosis like symptoms
TMP-SMX prophylaxis given (CD4 <100)

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

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5
Q

Pregnant patient avoids cats due to risk of placental cross infection with which Protozoal infection ?

A

Toxoplasma Gondii
Check PCR of amniotic fluids for dx

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6
Q

Congenital plasmosis triad

A

Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcification
Chorioretinitis

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7
Q

Swimming in warm river risk which Protozoal infection of CNS and with what clinical presentation ?

A

Naegleria Fowelri
Cross cribriform plate
Meningoencephalitis

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8
Q

Fatty Diarrhea ,foul smelling
Bloating , flatulence
Cyst in stool

A

Giardiasis

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9
Q

Bloody diarrhea (dysentery)
Liver abscess
RUQ pain
Ulcer in colon
Cyst in stool RBC

A

Amebiasis

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10
Q

Filter city water contamination
Oocyst on acid fast stain
Watery Diarrhea

A

Cryptosporidium ( protozoa)

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11
Q

Cause of PJP ?
Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities of lung / pneumatoceles
Rx ?

A

Yeastlike fungus due to immunocompromised
TMP-SMX regime prophylaxis (CD 100-200) in HIV

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12
Q

Opportunistic fungal infection

A

Candida
Aspergillosis
Cryptococcus neoforman
Mucor/ Rhizopus

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13
Q

Pigeon droppings
Meningitis ,encephalitis
Pneumonia
Clear halo

A

C.Neoforman

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14
Q

What fungal infection produce aflatoxin ?
Chronic granuloma

A

Aspergillosis

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15
Q

Which fungal infection cause infective endocarditis in IVDU?

A

Candida Albican

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16
Q

Drugs used in Local and systemic Rx for mycoses?

A

Local - fluconazole / intraconaxole
Systemic - amphotericin B

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17
Q

Walking Pneumonia

A

H.Influenza

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18
Q

What kind of Pneumonia outbreak common in military / college /prison ?
Non productive cough , diffuse intestinal infiltrate , rash
Cold agglutin RBC

A

H.Influenza

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19
Q

Rash around wrist and ankle
Headache +Fever + rapid onset of rash

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Vector born ( Tick)
Rickettsia

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20
Q

MEGA ( Vector Born disease)

A

Mulberry Inclusion in Monocytes = Ehrlichosis
Inclusion in Granulocyte = Anasplasmosis

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21
Q

Q fever
Flu like symptoms

A

Aerosol from cattle’s amniotic fluid

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22
Q

Which STD cause follicular conjectivitis and blindness ?

A

Chlamydia ABC

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23
Q

Specific test for Syphillis Dx

A

FTA-ABS
VDRL/RPR( sensitive but not specific )

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24
Q

What causes False Pos for VDRL ?

A

P- pregnancy
V- viral infection
D-drugs
R-rheumatic fever
L-lupus

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25
Q

Syphillis classification

A

1- painless chancre sores
2- chancres , Lymphadenopathy
3- neurosuphillis ( Ataxia/Gait/Charcot joint / Stroke)
Congenital - facial abnormalities

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26
Q

FACE of Lyme :

A

F- CNVII Bell Palsy
A- arthritis
C- cardiac shock
E- erythema migrana

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27
Q

Stage of Lyme

A
  1. Skin ( bulls eye erythema)
  2. Heart / Joint
  3. CNS (encephalopathy / arthritis /neuropathy )
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28
Q

TMP-SMX

A

Trimethroprine + Sulfamethoxazole
Prophylaxis in HIV(<200)

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29
Q

Rose gardener DS
Gardener smoke Cigar and Pot

A

Cigar like pustules /ulcers of skin
Spores contact via break in the skin
Rx: K+ iodide

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30
Q

5Ds of clostridium Botulinum

A

Descending paralysis
DIPLOPIA
Dysarthria
Dysphasia
Dyspnea

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31
Q

G+
Bulls neck
Pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Can be prevented with Vaccine

A

Diphtheria
Via Respiratory droplets
Others: heart/ HR/CNS

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32
Q

Diarrhea after eating Reheated rice

A

G+
Bacillus Cereus ( spores)

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33
Q

Diarrhea and gastroenteritis after eating cold delivery food

A

Listeria monocytogenes
G+

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34
Q

GE and diarrhea after treatment with clindamycin in hospitalized patients

A

C.difficles
G+

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35
Q

G- rods

A

H pylori
Campylobacter
Vibrio Cholera

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36
Q

42 degree
Bloody diarrhea ( children )
Flagellated
Risk for GBS and RA

A

Campylobacter

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37
Q

Rice water diarrhea after Seafood

A

V cholera

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38
Q

E.coli types

A

EPEC -ped
ETEC -toxin (Traveller)
EIEC -invasive
EHEC-hemorrhagic (HUS risk )

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39
Q

Traveller Diarrhea

A

ETEC ( E.coli)

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40
Q

Pet feces
Bloody diarrhea
G-
Pseudoappendicitis

A

Yersinia

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41
Q

Gastric acid Labile G- rod

A

Vibrio Cholera

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42
Q

ABCDE of klebsiella

A

A-aspiration pneumonia
B-aBscess lung
C-current jelly sputum
D-DM
E-EtoH overuse

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43
Q

G- Cocci
Aerobic
Maltose fermentation

A

N.Gonorrhea

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44
Q

Gastric Acid Labile G- Bacilli

A

Salmonella ( killed by Gastric acid )

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45
Q

G-
Invade GI tract via M cells of payer patches

A

Salmonella
Shigella

46
Q

G- rods
Pneumonia + fever
Aerosol transmission from AC on cruise ships /nursing homes

A

Legionella Pneumonia

47
Q

Whooping cough
100 days cough
G- coccobacillus

A

Bordetella pertussis

48
Q

3 stages of B.Pertussis

A
  1. Low grade fever / Coryza
    2.paroxysmal intense cough (whoop)
  2. Recovery
49
Q

Child
Epiglossitis (cherry red )
Mucosal infection ( otitis media , conjunctivitis , bronchitis )
Respiratory droplet
G- Rods
IgA protease
Thumb sign on neck on X rays

A

H.influenza

50
Q

2type of leprosy

A

Lepromatous - fetal ( high bac load)
Tuberculoid - th1 ( low bac load)

51
Q

G+ A Strep cocci

A

Pyogenic - pharyngitis /impetigo / erysipelas
Toxigenic - Scarlet / TSS/ Necrotising fasciitis
Immunologic - RF/ GN

52
Q

Strep viridan

A

Alpha Hemo
Heart valves - IE
Dental Caries

53
Q

Strep Beta
Catalase -

A

S.pyrogenes

54
Q

Strep alpha ( partial ) hemolytic
G+ cocci
MOPS

A

Meningitis
Otitis Media pneumonia
Sinusitis

55
Q

Amebic dysentery
Liver abscess
Protozoan

A

E histolytica

56
Q

Shiga toxin
HUS
Dysentery
G-

A

EHEC

57
Q

Typhoid

A

Salmonella typhi

58
Q

Traveller diarrhea
G- cocci

A

ETEC

59
Q

Which virus cause watery diarrhea ?

A

Norovirus ( developed countries)
Rotavirus
Enterovirus

60
Q

Organism Causing Pneumonia in IVDU

A

S.pneumonia
S.aureus

61
Q

Aspiration pneumonia ( for Eg. In alcohol)

A

Anaerobes

62
Q

Blue gray spot on buccal mucosa
Conjunctivitis
Rash
Not vaccinated

A

Measles (Roseola)

63
Q

Hand foot mouth disease
Rash
Oval shape vesicles

A

Cocakie virus

64
Q

Infant febrile seizure
Fever
Roseola rash

A

HHV -6

65
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Step A
Sore throat
Pallor
Lymphadenopathy
Erythrogenic toxin
Strawberry tongue

66
Q

Strawberry tongue + rash

A

Scarlet fever

67
Q

VZV aka?

A

Chicken pox

68
Q

Clinical vignette of cystitis

A

Dysuria
Suprapubic pain
Frequency
Urgency
WBC +

69
Q

Risk factor for UTI

A

Stones
Female
BPH
Surgery
Catheter
Congenital malformation

70
Q

Leading causative organism of UTI

A

E.coli
Stap Saprophyticus ( 2nd most common)
Klebsiella ( 3rd )

71
Q

Cause of UTI in
Young
Sexually active
Female

A

Strep saprophyticus

72
Q

Cotton cheese vaginal discharge

A

Candida vulvovaginitis

73
Q

Yellow green foul smelling vaginal discharge

A

Trichonomas vaginalis

74
Q

Thin white fish smelling vaginal discharge

A

Bacterial vaginosis

75
Q

Laprosy Rx

A

DAPSONE ( Folate inhibitor )

76
Q

Simple UTI Rx

A

SMX-TMP

77
Q

G+ Rods that resemble fungi

A

Actinomyce( Anaerobe) - Normal oral flora can cause mouth /GI abscess after trauma
Nocardia( Aerobes) - found in Immunosuppressed patrients

78
Q

Most common causative organism of distanded contact lens wearers
Dry/ pain / blur vision / foreign body sensation

A

Keratitis -ameba

79
Q

Symptoms of HSV keratitis

A

Photophobia
Decrease vision acuity
Ulcer formation

80
Q

Painless ,Afebrile
Dark charred ulceration on hands /forearms
Contact with hides of goats

A

Cutaneous Anthrax ( Bacillus)
G + bacilli

81
Q

Spore forming microorganisms ?

A

Clostridium species ( anaerobic ) -
do not have superoxide dismutase -can’t survive in O2 bc can’t neutralize oxygen free radicals

82
Q

Pulmonary anthrax complications

A

Spores enter pulmonary macrophage and carried to mediastinal causing hemorrhage and bloody PE

83
Q

Helminth treatment

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole

84
Q

Classic hematologic finding of Helminth infection

A

Eosinophillia
Larvae or ova or eggs on stool culture

85
Q

Most common Helminth infection

A

Ascaris lumbricoide

86
Q

45 degree branching septate hyphae

A

Aspergillosis (fungal balls)
Cavitation lung lesions

87
Q

Pseudohyphae and budding yeast

A

Candida

88
Q

90 degree branching hyphae

A

Mucormycosis
Present with sinusitis , black nasal discharge ,hemoptysis

89
Q

Treatment for fungal lung infection

A

Amphotericin B ( Block fungal cell wall )

90
Q

AV block ( conduction abnormalities)
Bulls eye rash

A

Lyme Disease

91
Q

Sexually abused child
Gradual onset of rash

A

Syphillis

92
Q

Febrile Illness
High liver enzymes
Resolved
Symptoms return
Jaundice / PHTN

A

Yellow fever
RNA virus
Flavivirus

93
Q

Dx test for yellow fever

A

ELISA
Detect antibody to yellow fever virus

94
Q

Ring enhancing lesions on CT head
Seizure
DDx ?

A

Toxoplasma Gondii in HIV /AIDS
Lymphoma
Cryptoccocosis
TB

95
Q

Cat scratch disease ?

A

Toxoplasma Gondi ( primary infection )
Can cause TORCHeS Infection

96
Q

What condition causes Desquamating rash/disease ?

A

There ain’t many actually.
Stap Aureus ( SSSS)
Steven Johnson Syndrome ( usually with ADR)
Pemphigus Vulguris ( autoimmune ) - Ab to desmosomes

97
Q

Prolonged worn High absorbency tempon
Febrile
Diarrhea

A

Stap Aureus ( G+ ,catalase +)

98
Q

B hemolytic Strep

A

S pyrogenes Group A

99
Q

Alpha hemolytic Strep

A

Strep Pneumoniae ( capsule +) catalase +

100
Q

Big Broad Based Budding Yeast ( BBBBY)
Lung consolidation
Pneumonia
Skin ulcers /lesions

A

Blastomycosis (systemic mycoses) -BBBBY is Dx point

101
Q

Hyper infection syndrome

A

Uncontrolled Auto infection
Dissenminated disease

102
Q

Rx for helminth infection

A

Ivermectin / thiabendazole ( Nematodes) -Strongyloidosis

103
Q

Helminth route of entry

A

Cutaneous&raquo_space; bronchial tree&raquo_space; small intestine&raquo_space;

104
Q

Why HZV causes burning pain ?

A

It remain latent in sensory nerves after primary infection
When reactivated - travel via axonal transport to respected dermatomes

105
Q

Rx for HZV ?

A

Acyclovir ( DNA Polymerse inhibitor) - viral replication

106
Q

Urine is bloody
Dysentery
Shiga like toxin
Dx?

A

EHEC ( E. coli from food )
HUS ( toxin damage renal endothelium)

107
Q

Empirical Rx for meningitis

A

Ceftriaxome + vancomycin
Add ampicillin if listeria suspected

108
Q

Viral or aseptic meningitis

A

HSV
EnteroVirus ( Eg: coxackie )
HIV
West Nile virus (also cause encephalitis)

109
Q

Most common cause of meningitis in infants and elderly

A

Mostly bacterial

Listeria
E.coli
Group B strep
S.pneumonia ( 60+ )
N.meningitis (60+)
H.influenza (60+)

110
Q

Tzank smear

A

Herpes
Nucleated giant cells

111
Q

Odorless
Non itchy
Fishy smelling thin vaginal discharge

A

Bacteria vaginosis

USMLE STEP1 📚👩🏻‍⚕️ (13 decks)

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