Microbiology 🦠🧫 Flashcards by Mishkha Myat

Chagus Disease
Romana sign

Protozoal disease
Affect visceral organs
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Big (Megacolon / Mega esophagus)
Unilateral periorbital swelling

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Spiking fever
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pancytopenia
Via sandfly
Protozoal infection

Leishmaniasis

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Severe form of malaria
Crescent shaped hametocytes

P Falciparum
Occlude capillaries in brain ,kidney ,lung
Infect RBC

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Brain abscess found in AIDs patient
Mononucleosis like symptoms
TMP-SMX prophylaxis given (CD4 <100)

Toxoplasma Gondii

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Pregnant patient avoids cats due to risk of placental cross infection with which Protozoal infection ?

Toxoplasma Gondii
Check PCR of amniotic fluids for dx

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Congenital plasmosis triad

Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcification
Chorioretinitis

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Swimming in warm river risk which Protozoal infection of CNS and with what clinical presentation ?

Naegleria Fowelri
Cross cribriform plate
Meningoencephalitis

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Fatty Diarrhea ,foul smelling
Bloating , flatulence
Cyst in stool

Giardiasis

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Bloody diarrhea (dysentery)
Liver abscess
RUQ pain
Ulcer in colon
Cyst in stool RBC

Amebiasis

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Filter city water contamination
Oocyst on acid fast stain
Watery Diarrhea

Cryptosporidium ( protozoa)

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Cause of PJP ?
Diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities of lung / pneumatoceles
Rx ?

Yeastlike fungus due to immunocompromised
TMP-SMX regime prophylaxis (CD 100-200) in HIV

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Opportunistic fungal infection

Candida
Aspergillosis
Cryptococcus neoforman
Mucor/ Rhizopus

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Pigeon droppings
Meningitis ,encephalitis
Pneumonia
Clear halo

C.Neoforman

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What fungal infection produce aflatoxin ?
Chronic granuloma

Aspergillosis

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Which fungal infection cause infective endocarditis in IVDU?

Candida Albican

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Drugs used in Local and systemic Rx for mycoses?

Local - fluconazole / intraconaxole
Systemic - amphotericin B

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Walking Pneumonia

H.Influenza

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What kind of Pneumonia outbreak common in military / college /prison ?
Non productive cough , diffuse intestinal infiltrate , rash
Cold agglutin RBC

H.Influenza

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Rash around wrist and ankle
Headache +Fever + rapid onset of rash

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Vector born ( Tick)
Rickettsia

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MEGA ( Vector Born disease)

Mulberry Inclusion in Monocytes = Ehrlichosis
Inclusion in Granulocyte = Anasplasmosis

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Q fever
Flu like symptoms

Aerosol from cattle’s amniotic fluid

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Which STD cause follicular conjectivitis and blindness ?

Chlamydia ABC

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Specific test for Syphillis Dx

FTA-ABS
VDRL/RPR( sensitive but not specific )

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What causes False Pos for VDRL ?

P- pregnancy
V- viral infection
D-drugs
R-rheumatic fever
L-lupus

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Syphillis classification

1- painless chancre sores 2- chancres , Lymphadenopathy 3- neurosuphillis ( Ataxia/Gait/Charcot joint / Stroke) Congenital - facial abnormalities

FACE of Lyme :

F- CNVII Bell Palsy A- arthritis C- cardiac shock E- erythema migrana

Stage of Lyme

1. Skin ( bulls eye erythema) 2. Heart / Joint 3. CNS (encephalopathy / arthritis /neuropathy )

TMP-SMX

Trimethroprine + Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis in HIV(<200)

Rose gardener DS Gardener smoke Cigar and Pot

Cigar like pustules /ulcers of skin Spores contact via break in the skin Rx: K+ iodide

5Ds of clostridium Botulinum

Descending paralysis DIPLOPIA Dysarthria Dysphasia Dyspnea

G+ Bulls neck Pseudomembranous pharyngitis Can be prevented with Vaccine

Diphtheria Via Respiratory droplets Others: heart/ HR/CNS

Diarrhea after eating Reheated rice

G+ Bacillus Cereus ( spores)

Diarrhea and gastroenteritis after eating cold delivery food

Listeria monocytogenes G+

GE and diarrhea after treatment with clindamycin in hospitalized patients

C.difficles G+

G- rods

H pylori Campylobacter Vibrio Cholera

42 degree Bloody diarrhea ( children ) Flagellated Risk for GBS and RA

Campylobacter

Rice water diarrhea after Seafood

V cholera

E.coli types

EPEC -ped ETEC -toxin (Traveller) EIEC -invasive EHEC-hemorrhagic (HUS risk )

Traveller Diarrhea

ETEC ( E.coli)

Pet feces Bloody diarrhea G- Pseudoappendicitis

Yersinia

Gastric acid Labile G- rod

Vibrio Cholera

ABCDE of klebsiella

A-aspiration pneumonia B-aBscess lung C-current jelly sputum D-DM E-EtoH overuse

G- Cocci Aerobic Maltose fermentation

N.Gonorrhea

Gastric Acid Labile G- Bacilli

Salmonella ( killed by Gastric acid )

G- Invade GI tract via M cells of payer patches

Salmonella Shigella

G- rods Pneumonia + fever Aerosol transmission from AC on cruise ships /nursing homes

Legionella Pneumonia

Whooping cough 100 days cough G- coccobacillus

Bordetella pertussis

3 stages of B.Pertussis

1. Low grade fever / Coryza 2.paroxysmal intense cough (whoop) 3. Recovery

Child Epiglossitis (cherry red ) Mucosal infection ( otitis media , conjunctivitis , bronchitis ) Respiratory droplet G- Rods IgA protease Thumb sign on neck on X rays

H.influenza

2type of leprosy

Lepromatous - fetal ( high bac load) Tuberculoid - th1 ( low bac load)

G+ A Strep cocci

Pyogenic - pharyngitis /impetigo / erysipelas Toxigenic - Scarlet / TSS/ Necrotising fasciitis Immunologic - RF/ GN

Strep viridan

Alpha Hemo Heart valves - IE Dental Caries

Strep Beta Catalase -

S.pyrogenes

Strep alpha ( partial ) hemolytic G+ cocci MOPS

Meningitis Otitis Media pneumonia Sinusitis

Amebic dysentery Liver abscess Protozoan

E histolytica

Shiga toxin HUS Dysentery G-

EHEC

Typhoid

Salmonella typhi

Traveller diarrhea G- cocci

ETEC

Which virus cause watery diarrhea ?

Norovirus ( developed countries) Rotavirus Enterovirus

Organism Causing Pneumonia in IVDU

S.pneumonia S.aureus

Aspiration pneumonia ( for Eg. In alcohol)

Anaerobes

Blue gray spot on buccal mucosa Conjunctivitis Rash Not vaccinated

Measles (Roseola)

Hand foot mouth disease Rash Oval shape vesicles

Cocakie virus

Infant febrile seizure Fever Roseola rash

HHV -6

Scarlet fever

Step A Sore throat Pallor Lymphadenopathy Erythrogenic toxin Strawberry tongue

Strawberry tongue + rash

Scarlet fever

VZV aka?

Chicken pox

Clinical vignette of cystitis

Dysuria Suprapubic pain Frequency Urgency WBC +

Risk factor for UTI

Stones Female BPH Surgery Catheter Congenital malformation

Leading causative organism of UTI

E.coli Stap Saprophyticus ( 2nd most common) Klebsiella ( 3rd )

Cause of UTI in Young Sexually active Female

Strep saprophyticus

Cotton cheese vaginal discharge

Candida vulvovaginitis

Yellow green foul smelling vaginal discharge

Trichonomas vaginalis

Thin white fish smelling vaginal discharge

Bacterial vaginosis

Laprosy Rx

DAPSONE ( Folate inhibitor )

Simple UTI Rx

SMX-TMP

G+ Rods that resemble fungi

Actinomyce( Anaerobe) - Normal oral flora can cause mouth /GI abscess after trauma Nocardia( Aerobes) - found in Immunosuppressed patrients

Most common causative organism of distanded contact lens wearers Dry/ pain / blur vision / foreign body sensation

Keratitis -ameba

Symptoms of HSV keratitis

Photophobia Decrease vision acuity Ulcer formation

Painless ,Afebrile Dark charred ulceration on hands /forearms Contact with hides of goats

Cutaneous Anthrax ( Bacillus) G + bacilli

Spore forming microorganisms ?

Clostridium species ( anaerobic ) - do not have superoxide dismutase -can’t survive in O2 bc can’t neutralize oxygen free radicals

Pulmonary anthrax complications

Spores enter pulmonary macrophage and carried to mediastinal causing hemorrhage and bloody PE

Helminth treatment

Albendazole Mebendazole

Classic hematologic finding of Helminth infection

Eosinophillia Larvae or ova or eggs on stool culture

Most common Helminth infection

Ascaris lumbricoide

45 degree branching septate hyphae

Aspergillosis (fungal balls) Cavitation lung lesions

Pseudohyphae and budding yeast

Candida

90 degree branching hyphae

Mucormycosis Present with sinusitis , black nasal discharge ,hemoptysis

Treatment for fungal lung infection

Amphotericin B ( Block fungal cell wall )

AV block ( conduction abnormalities) Bulls eye rash

Lyme Disease

Sexually abused child Gradual onset of rash

Syphillis

Febrile Illness High liver enzymes Resolved Symptoms return Jaundice / PHTN

Yellow fever RNA virus Flavivirus

Dx test for yellow fever

ELISA Detect antibody to yellow fever virus

Ring enhancing lesions on CT head Seizure DDx ?

Toxoplasma Gondii in HIV /AIDS Lymphoma Cryptoccocosis TB

Cat scratch disease ?

Toxoplasma Gondi ( primary infection ) Can cause TORCHeS Infection

What condition causes Desquamating rash/disease ?

There ain’t many actually. Stap Aureus ( SSSS) Steven Johnson Syndrome ( usually with ADR) Pemphigus Vulguris ( autoimmune ) - Ab to desmosomes

Prolonged worn High absorbency tempon Febrile Diarrhea

Stap Aureus ( G+ ,catalase +)

B hemolytic Strep

S pyrogenes Group A

Alpha hemolytic Strep

Strep Pneumoniae ( capsule +) catalase +

Big Broad Based Budding Yeast ( BBBBY) Lung consolidation Pneumonia Skin ulcers /lesions

Blastomycosis (systemic mycoses) -BBBBY is Dx point

Hyper infection syndrome

Uncontrolled Auto infection Dissenminated disease

Rx for helminth infection

Ivermectin / thiabendazole ( Nematodes) -Strongyloidosis

Helminth route of entry

Cutaneous >> bronchial tree >> small intestine >>

Why HZV causes burning pain ?

It remain latent in sensory nerves after primary infection When reactivated - travel via axonal transport to respected dermatomes

Rx for HZV ?

Acyclovir ( DNA Polymerse inhibitor) - viral replication

Urine is bloody Dysentery Shiga like toxin Dx?

EHEC ( E. coli from food ) HUS ( toxin damage renal endothelium)

Empirical Rx for meningitis

Ceftriaxome + vancomycin Add ampicillin if listeria suspected

Viral or aseptic meningitis

HSV EnteroVirus ( Eg: coxackie ) HIV West Nile virus (also cause encephalitis)

Most common cause of meningitis in infants and elderly

Mostly bacterial Listeria E.coli Group B strep S.pneumonia ( 60+ ) N.meningitis (60+) H.influenza (60+)

Tzank smear

Herpes Nucleated giant cells

Odorless Non itchy Fishy smelling thin vaginal discharge

Bacteria vaginosis