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USMLE STEP1 📚👩🏻‍⚕️ > Musculo-Dermato > Flashcards

Musculo-Dermato Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Microtubule inhibitor of Gout

A

Colchicine

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2
Q

SOAP BRAIN MD

A

SLE presentation
Serositis
Oral ulcer
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Blood changes
Renal insufficiency ( Nephrotic s )
ANA
Immunological changes
Neurological sign(seizure / psychosis)
Malar rash
Discoid rash

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3
Q

Enzyme defect syndrome causing Gout

A

Lesb Nyhan Syndrome

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4
Q

Klumpke Palsy

A

Birth delivery trauma to shoulder
(C8-T1 nerve root ) damage
Motor- Ulnar /Medial root ( thenar /hypothecated)wasting
Sensory deficit-palmar /dorsal

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5
Q

Claw hand ,
Can’t extend little / ring finger

A

Distal Ulnar

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6
Q

Trouble making a fist
Little /ring finger can’t flex /close

A

Proximal ulnar

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7
Q

Hand of Benediction
Can’t flex thumb/index/middle
Can’t make a fist

A

Proximal median n.

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8
Q

Can’t open hand
Thumb/index/middle flex

A

Distal medial n.

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9
Q

Funny triad

A

ACL
Lateral Maniscus
MCL

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10
Q

Ern palsy ( waiter’s tip)

A

Neck traction (falling on neck or during delivery pulling from neck )
C5-C6 nerve roots ( Axillary/musculocutaneous / suprascapular)
Can’t abduct shoulder /external rotation /elbow flexion
Flexion ( arm extended )

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11
Q

Feels like Scapula floating after surgery

A

C5-C7
Long thoracic n lesion
Serratus anterior

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12
Q

Brachial plexus roots

A

Upper (C5-6)> lateral > musculocutaneous
Middle(C7) > posterior > Axillary/Radial >Medial flexor
Lower (C8-T1)> medial > ulnar

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13
Q

Muscle involved in Rotator cuff tear

A

Supraspinatous - 15 * abduction
Infraspinatous(subscapular n) - external rotation
Subscapularis - medial rotation
Teres minor - (Axillary n.) external rotation /adduct

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14
Q

Anticentromere antibody responsible for

A

CREST Syndrome ( limited scerloderma)

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15
Q

Anti DNA topoisomerase Antibody (anti Scl) for

A

Systemic sclerosis

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16
Q

Most concerning manifestation of systemic sclerosis

A

Malignant hypertension
(Rx with Bosantan and prostacyclin analog)

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17
Q

Anti smith (anti-sm) Antibody for

A

SLE
Most specific test

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18
Q

ANA antibody for

A

SLE
Most sensitive Ab

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19
Q

Rotator cuff tendinitis features

A

Pain without weakness of shoulder

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20
Q

Localized pain to upper back
Audible popping sound with shrugging shoulder

A

Subscapular bursitis

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21
Q

Drainage of thoracic duct

A

Into the vein Between int jugular veins and subclavian vein

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22
Q

Tachypneic
Hypoxia
Decreased/absent BS
One Chest tube
Dx?

A

Pneumothorax
If pneumohemothorax( 2 separate drainage tubes)

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23
Q

What is the most concerning risk of osteoporosis in elderly ?

A

Fracture
Usually of vertebral ( leading to spinal deformity and short stature )
Hip / distal radius fracture

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24
Q

Role of estrogen on bone ?

A

Prevent osteoclast activity by decreasing RANK expression on osteoblast
Rx- Denosumab ( block RANK-RANK L)

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25
Q

DMARDs?

A

Methotrexate
Hydrocychloroquine
Sulfasalazine

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26
Q

Anti -CCP antibody

A

RA

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27
Q

Collagen types and locations ?

A

I- bone ,skin , tendon
II-cartilage
III- reticular tissue , arterial wall,uterus
IV- basement membrane

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28
Q

Blue sclera
Cardiac insufficiency
Multiple fractures

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

29
Q

Berry Aneurysm
Collagen defect

A

Ehlar danlos Syndrome

30
Q

Hyperextensible joint
Fibrillin defects

A

Marfan Syndrome

31
Q

Bilateral acoustic neuroma ( tumors)

A

NF- 2

32
Q

Cafe au lait spot ( Brown pigmentation )
Axillary freckles
Iris nodules /optic glioma
Bony lesion

A

NF- 1

33
Q

Which band in sacromere stay constant after muscle contraction

A

A band

34
Q

Child
Muscle weakness /delayed motor skills
Waddling gait
Usually die during second decade of life
Fam Hx

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

35
Q

Stage of bone healing ?

A
  1. Inflammatory -hematoma , resorption of bone at edges
  2. Reparative - callous /osteoprogenitor cells proliferation
    3.Remodelling -callous ossified&raquo_space; structural model
36
Q

What’s hip joint made of ?

A

Femur head + articulating acetabulum

37
Q

Complication of femoral head fracture ?

A

A vascular necrosis of femoral head

38
Q

Diaphysis tumor/damage

A

Ewing sarcoma
Osteoid osteoma
Fibrous

39
Q

Epiphysis tumor

A

Giant cell tumor ( osteoclast )
-benign

40
Q

Branch of celiac trunk

A

Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
common hepatic artery

41
Q

SAD PUCKER

A

Abdominal retriperitoneal viscera

42
Q

Malignant proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes
Discoloration of skin
Scaly erythematous patch

A

SCC
Risk : Sun exposure

43
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

BCC

44
Q

Most common ligament injury of ankle sprain

A

Anterior talofibular ligament ( low ankle sprain )
Overinversion /supination

45
Q

Nerve (stretch)injury during childbirth causing urinary incontinence ,loss of sensation in perineum

A

Pudendal ( S2-4)

46
Q

Trendenlenberg gait lead to which nerve injury ? Due to iatrogenic injury during intramuscular injection In

A

Superior gluteal n (L4-S1)

47
Q

Foot drop
Loss of sensation dorsum of the foot

A

Common fibular peroneal (L4-S2)

48
Q

Nerve injury leading to loss of ability to curl toes and loss of sensation of sole of foot

A

Tibial ( L4-S3)

49
Q

Hip extension exacerbate lower abdominal pain
Flank pain
Fever
Inguinal mass

A

Psoas abscess

50
Q

Baker cyst

A

Popliteal cyst ( in gastronimius semimembranous bursa)

51
Q

Housemaid knee

A

Prepatellar bursitis

52
Q

Boxer hand injury

A

Metacarpal neck fracture

53
Q

Mother, often lifting a baby
Pain developed at radial styloid while stretching thumb

A

De quervain tenosynovitis
Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendon inflammation

54
Q

Fibroblastic proliferation and thickening of superficial palmar fascia
Little and ring fingers

A

Dupuytren contracture

55
Q

Osteoclast activity regulated by

A

RANK -L & M-CSF on osteoblast ( increase clast)
OPG on blast- decrease clast

56
Q

Function of osteocytes

A

Regulation of bone minerals
Ca2+
PO4+

57
Q

Increase Ca2*
Increase PTH

A

Parathyroid Adenoma
Primary Hyper PTH
osteitis Fibrosa Cystica ( decrease PO4)

58
Q

Decrease Ca2+ ( hypocalcemia)
Increase PTH
FB mechanisms

A

Malabsorption
Rickets / osteomalacia
Pancreatitis
IBD (chrons /UC)

59
Q

Normal Ca2* / PTH
Pain/ fracture

A

Osteoporosis
Osteopetrosis
Pagets
Bone tumor

60
Q

Bone tumor

A

Osteosarcoma
Osteochondroma
Osteoblastoma
Osteoid osteoma
Ewing sarcoma
Giant cell tumor ( osteoclast)

61
Q

Benign bone tumor
Respond to aspirin Rx
Blast tumor
<2cm

A

Osteoid osteoma

62
Q

Benign bone tumor
Not responsive to aspirin
Blast >2cm
Family bc of bone and gut problems

A

Osteoblastoma
Gardner $ -FAP + osteoma

63
Q

Li fraumani $

A

Abnormal p53 genes
-osteosarcoma
-FAP
-AML
-Breast Ca
Adrenal cortical tumor
Paget

64
Q

Wrist drop

A

Radial nerve lesions
Sensory loss
Loss of extensor function

65
Q

Cause of radial nerve palsy

A

Mid shaft humerus fracture
Alcohol Saturday night palsy - compress radial nerve
Crutches compression

66
Q

Origin of radial nerve

A

Post cord of brachial plexus

67
Q

Axillary nerve

A

Post cord of brachial plexus

68
Q

Radial groove lesion

A

Normal triceps extension
Moderately affect forearms and hand extension

69
Q

Thoracic outlet $ causes

A

Extra cervical rib above c7
Whiplash injury
Compress not only nerve but also veins /arteries
Swelling / disrupt blood flow > ischemia ( pain pallor cold) ,Low SBP
similar to Klampke palsy but worse

USMLE STEP1 📚👩🏻‍⚕️ (13 decks)

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