Microbiology 1 Flashcards
name a main competitive bacterial flora in the skin
staph epidermidis
how is a bacterial skin infection diagnosed?
swab of lesion if broken surface
pus or tissue if its a deeper lesion
blood cultures if needed
how is staph aureus diagnosed?
coagulase +ve
what is the most common coagulase -ve organism and what usually causes this result on a culture?
staph epidermidis
usually a contaminant in the sample as epidermidis is a skin commensal
describe staph
gram +ve cocci in clusters
best growth aerobically but can be anaerobic
what gives staph aureus its effectiveness as a pathogen?
produces enzymes (coagulase) produces toxins: - enterotoxin = food poisoning - SSSST = staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome toxin PVL = panton valentine leucocodin (difficult to treat)
what is first and second line for staph aureus?
flucloxacillin
vancomycin if penicillin allergic etc but not as effective
is staph aureus always a dangerous pathogen?
no, 30% carry it without problems
but can cause minor skin sepsis, cellulitis, impetigo and infected eczema etc
why does pus have to be removed from a lesion?
as antibiotics don’t work on pus
how is MRSA treated?
if skin/soft tissue: - doxycycline - co-trimoxazole - clindamycin - linezoid If blood - vancomycin
coagulase negative staph are usually not pathogenic as they are skin commensals, when might they be pathogenic?
when associated with artificial joints, valves, catheters etc
describe strep
gram +ve cocci in chains
aerobic
classified by haemolysis
what are the categories of haemolysis?
beta = complete (gold on blood agar) alpha = partial (green on blood agar) gamma = non haemolytic
what infections are associated with strep pyogenes (group A strep)?
infected eczema impetigo cellulitis necrotising fasciitis erysipelas
how are beta haemolytic strep further classified?
group A and group B
differentiated by antigenic structure on surface
what are the 2 main groups of alpha haemolytic strep?
strep pneumoniae
strep viridans - common endocarditis