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FA Microbiology > Microbio: Mycology > Flashcards

Microbio: Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what disease do systemic mycoses cause?

A

all can cause pneumonia

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2
Q

what is a dimorphic fungus?

A

cold: mold and heat: yeast.

cold is about 20 degrees and heat is 37 degrees or body temperature

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3
Q

which fungi us not the normal dimorphic fungi?

A

cocciodiomycosis, which is a spherule at 37 degrees and not yeast.

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4
Q

how to treat a local fungal infection

A

fluconazole or itraconazole

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5
Q

how to treat a systemic fungal infection?

A

amphotericin B

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6
Q

what makes fungal infections different from TB

A

can mimic TB but mycoses have NO transmission from person to person

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7
Q

Histoplasmosis findings

A

found in the ohio and mississippi river valleys
causes pneumonia
macrophage filled with histoplasma (smaller than a RBC).

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8
Q

what environmental feature leads to histoplasmosis

A

bird or bat droppings

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9
Q

blastomycosis regional distirbution

A

east of mississippi river and central america

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10
Q

blastomycosis disease

A

causes inflammatory lung disease that can disseminate to the bone and lung. forms granulomatous nodules. broad base budding (about the size of a RBC)

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11
Q

Coccidiodomycosis geography

A

southwestern US and California

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12
Q

diseases caused by cocciodiomycosis

A

meningitis and pneumonia. can disseminate to the bone and skin.

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13
Q

what environmental things can increase cocciodiomycosis infections?

A

increased infections after earthquakes because spores in dust are thrown up into the air and become spherules in the lungs.

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14
Q

spherules in cocciodiomycosis

A

these are seen at body temperature instead of the usual yeast. shperules are filled with endospores and are much larger than a RBC

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15
Q

what do “desert bumps” refer to

A

erythema nodosum secondary to cocciodomycosis infection

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16
Q

what does “desert rheumatism” refer to

A

cocciodiomycosis infection causing arthalgias

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17
Q

paracocciodiomycosis geography

A

Latin America

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18
Q

paracocciodiomycosis findings

A

budding yeast with a “captains wheel” formation. much larger than a RBC

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19
Q

example of a cutaneous mycoses

A

tinea versicolor

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20
Q

tinea versicolor

A

caused by infection with Malassezia furfur. degranulation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented and or hyperpigmented patches.

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21
Q

where does tinea versicolor normally happen

A

occurs in hot, humid weather.

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22
Q

treatment for tinea versicolor

A

topical mconazole and selenium silfude (selsun)

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23
Q

classic histology picture of tinea versicolor

A

spaghetti and meatballs

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24
Q

tinea pedis infects the…

A

foot

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25
Q

tinea cruris infects the…

A

groin

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26
Q

tinea corporis… is

A

ringworm

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27
Q

tinea capatis infects the…

A

scalp and head

28
Q

tinea unguium infects the….

A

onychomycosis on fingernails

29
Q

pruritic skin lesion with central clearing that produces a ring…

A

infection with dermatophytes. this includes Microsporum, trichophyton and epidermophyton.

30
Q

diagnostic test for dermatophytes

A

see mold hyphae in KOH prep. not dimorphic

31
Q

Candida albicans

A

can cause a superficial or systemic fungal infection, often in immunocompromised people. dimorphic yeast- can go from a yeast in a little circle to pseudohyphae or regular hyphae with environmental changes.

32
Q

candida albicans dimorphis

A

it appears that both yeast and pseudo hyphae can be seen at 20 degrees although there can be switching based on environment

33
Q

infections caused by candida albicans

A

1) oral and esophageal thrush (immune compromised)
2) vulvovaginitis (diabetics, abx use)
3) diaper rash
4) endocarditis in IV drug users
5) disseminated candidiasis
6) chronic mucocutaneous candiasis

34
Q

treatment for vaginal candidiasis

A

azole

35
Q

treatment for oral/esophageal candidiasis

A

fluconazole or caspofungin

36
Q

treatment for systemic candidiasis

A

fluconazole, amphotericin B or caspofungin

37
Q

feature known to be aspergillus

A

branching at 45 degree angles. septae hyphae that branch. can also see these conidiophores with radiating chains of spores. acute angles= aspergillus

38
Q

is aspergillus dimorphic

A

NO

39
Q

infections caused by aspergillus

A

invasive aspergillus (immune compromised)
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillus - associated with asthma and CF
can be seen in the lungs after TB infection

40
Q

toxins produced by aspergillus

A

some forms of aspergillus produce afflotoxins which are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.

41
Q

diseases caused by cryptococcus neoformans

A

cryptococcal meningitis and cyrptococcosis

42
Q

is cryptococcus neoformans dimorphic

A

NO

43
Q

where is cryptococcus neoformans found?

A

found in soil and pigeon droppings

44
Q

how does cryptococcus cause meningitis

A

it is inhaled and then transmits hematogenously through blood to the meninges

45
Q

how to culture cryptococcus neoformans?

A

stain with india ink and grow up on Sabouraud agar. Can also stain with mucicarmine.

46
Q

how to detect infection with cryptococcus neoformans

A

latex agglutination test detects the polysaccharide capsular antigen

47
Q

what disease causes classic soap bubbles in the brain

A

cryptococcus neoformans

48
Q

in what conditions do you see an infection with mucor?

A

diabetic keto acidosis (DKA) and leukemia

49
Q

how does mucor move around the body?

A

fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there is excess glucose and ketones and then penetrate the cribiform plate and enter the brain

50
Q

what does mucor cause?

A

rhinocerebral and frontal lobe abscesses

51
Q

findings in a mucor patient (clinical)

A

headache, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face, may have cranial nerve involvement.

52
Q

treatment for mucor infection

A

amphotericin B

53
Q

what disease does pneumocystis jirovecii cause?

A

causes pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) a diffuse interstitial pneumonia

54
Q

is pneumocystis jirovecii a yeast or hyphae

A

yeast

55
Q

symptoms of infection with pneumocystis jirovecii

A

usually asymptomatic

56
Q

how is infection with pneumocystis jirovecii diagnosed?

A

diffuse, bilateral appearance on CXR. diagnosed specificlaly by lung biopsy or lavage. disc shaped yeast forms on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue.

57
Q

which patient population is very commonly infected with pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

HIV

58
Q

prophylaxis for pneumocystic jirovecii

A

dapsone and atovaquone. start prophylaxis when the CD4 count drops below <200 in HIV patients

59
Q

treatment for pneumocysits jirovecii infection

A

TMP-SMX, pentamidine

60
Q

organism that causes sporotrichosis

A

sporothrix schenckii

61
Q

is sporothrix schenckii dimorphic

A

YES

62
Q

shape and findings in sporothrix schenckii

A

cigar shaped, budding yeast that lives on vegetation.

63
Q

how are people infected with sporothrix schenckii

A

spores are traumatically introduced into the skin- typically by a thorn- rose gardener’s disease. causes a local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics

64
Q

do people with sporothrix schenckii get systemic illness

A

rarely. mostly an ascending lymphangitis

65
Q

treatment for sporothrix schenckii

A

itraconazole or potassium iodide

FA Microbiology (7 decks)

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