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FA Microbiology > Micriobio: Parasitology > Flashcards

Micriobio: Parasitology Flashcards

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1
Q

disease caused by Giardia lamblia

A

giardiasis; bloating, gas, foul smelling diarrhea, fatty

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2
Q

who gets giardia infections

A

campers/hikers

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3
Q

how is giardia transmitted

A

cysts in water

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4
Q

how id giardia diagnosed

A

trophozoites or cysts in stool

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5
Q

treatment for giardia

A

metronidazole

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6
Q

entomeba histolytica disease

A

amebiasis- blood diarrhea, liver asbcess - anchovy paste exudate. patients often have RUQ pain.

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7
Q

histology of entomeba histolytica

A

flask shaped ulcer is submucosal asbcess of the color ruptures

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8
Q

how is entomeba hystolitica transmitted

A

cysts in water

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9
Q

how is entomeba hystolitica diagnosed

A

serology or you can see the trophozoites with RBCs in their cytoplasm or you can see cysts with up to 4 nuclei in the stool.

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10
Q

disease caused by cryptosporidium

A

severe diarrhea in AIDS. mild disease like watery diarrhea in regular patients

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11
Q

how is cryptosporidium transmitted

A

oocytes in the water

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12
Q

how is cryptosporidium diagnosed

A

oocytes on acid fast stain. they are pink little guys in a blue background

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13
Q

how to treat cyrptosporidum

A

best thing is to filter the water to prevent the disease. in immuno compromised people, use nitrazoxanide

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14
Q

disease caused by toxoplasma gondii

A

brain abcess in HIV patients. seen as a ring enhancing lesion on CT/MRI.

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15
Q

congenital toxoplasmosis triad

A

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and intra cranial calcifications

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16
Q

how is toxoplasmosis transmitted

A

cysts in meat or oocytes in cat feces. this is why pregnant women should stay away from litter boxes and cats

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17
Q

how to diagnose toxoplasmosis

A

serology or biopsy- can see the tachzoite

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18
Q

treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

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19
Q

disease caused by naegleria fowleri

A

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

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20
Q

transmission of naegleria fowleri

A

swimming in fresh water lakes. enters via the cribiform plate.

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21
Q

how to dianose naegleria fowleri

A

amoebas in the spinal fluid

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22
Q

how to treat naegleria fowleri

A

amphotericin B for the few survivors

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23
Q

disease caused by trypanosome brucei

A

african sleeping sickness. enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever from antigenic switch, somnolence, coma.

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24
Q

transmission of trypanosome brucei

A

tsetse fly. a PAINFUL bite

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25
Q

how to diagnose trypanosome brucei

A

blood smear

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26
Q

how to treat trypanosome brucei

A

suramin for blood borne disease or melarsoprol for CNS penetration

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27
Q

what disease is caused by plasmodium

A

malaria.

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28
Q

symptoms of malaria

A

fever, headache, anemia and splenomegaly

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29
Q

transmission of malaria

A

mosquito- anopheles

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30
Q

how to diagnose malaria

A

blood smear, trophozoite ring form within the RBC. you can also see a schizont containing merozoites.

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31
Q

disease from P vivax/ovale

A

48 hour cycle- tertian- fever day 1, day 3 etc. dormant form is hypnozoite in the liver

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32
Q

disease from P falciparum

A

severe. irregular fever pattern. parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain giving cerebral malaria and int he kidney and lungs.

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33
Q

disease from P. malariae

A

72 hour cycle (quartan). fever day 1, 4

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34
Q

how to treat malaria

A

start with chloroquine. blocks plasmodium heme polymerase.

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35
Q

how to treat resistant malaria

A

if chloroquine is not working, use mefloquine or atovaquone

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36
Q

how to treat life threatening malaria infection

A

quinidine- check for G6PD deficiency first!

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37
Q

how to treat P. vivax/ovale

A

add primaquine for the hypnozoite. must test for G6PD first!

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38
Q

what cells do both plasmodium and babesia both infect

A

RBCs

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39
Q

what infections can be caused by Ixodes tick

A

babesia, lyme, and anaplasmosis

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40
Q

what is an Ixodes tick

A

it is a deer tick. also called a black legged tick. it has a yellow or orange bottom or back to it

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41
Q

symptoms of babesiosis

A

fever and hemolytic anemia

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42
Q

diagnosis of babesiosis

A

blood smear will show the infamous maltese cross or ring form.

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43
Q

treatment for babesiosis

A

atovaquone and azithromycin

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44
Q

trypanosoma cruzi disease

A

chagas disease

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45
Q

symptoms of chagas disease

A

remember looks just like achalesia! except with cardiac findings. dilated cardiomegaly, megacolon, mega esophagus

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46
Q

where do you find chagas disease

A

south america

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47
Q

what bug transmits the trypanosome cruzi infection

A

reduviid bug. transmitted in their feces- painless bite. kissing bug lol

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48
Q

how is chagas disease diagnosed

A

blood smear

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49
Q

treatment for chagas disease

A

benznidazole or nifurtimox

50
Q

disease caused by leishmania donovani

A

visceral leishmaniais.

51
Q

symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis

A

spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia.

52
Q

transmission of leishmania donovani

A

sandfly

53
Q

diagnosis of leishmania donovani

A

macrophages with amastigotes in them.

54
Q

treatment for leishmania donovani

A

amphotericin B, sodium stibogluconate

55
Q

disease caused by trichomonas vaginalis

A

vaginitis.

56
Q

symptoms of trichomonas vaginitis

A

smelly, green discharge. itching and burning. different from vaginosis from Gardenella.

57
Q

how is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted

A

sexually. can’t form cysts so can’t live outside the human body

58
Q

how to diagnose trichomonas vaginalis

A

you will see trophozoites which are motile on wet mount. “think of sperm”

59
Q

what disease gives a strawberry cervic

A

trichomonas vaginalis

60
Q

treatment for vaginitis from trichomonas

A

metronidazole for patient and partner

61
Q

what are nematodes

A

round worms

62
Q

what are cestodes

A

tapeworms

63
Q

what are trematodes

A

flukes

64
Q

what is enterobias

A

pinworm- it is a type of round worm

65
Q

symptoms of enterobias infection

A

fecal oral transmission, intestinal infection causing anal itching.

66
Q

how to diagnose pinworm or enterobias infection

A

scotch tape test

67
Q

how to treat enterobius

A

bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

68
Q

ascaris lumbricoides

A

this is the giant roundworm. eggs visible in feces with microscope. causes intesinal infection

69
Q

treatment of ascaris infection

A

benzadoles or pyrantel pamoate

70
Q

what is stronglyoides stercoralis

A

type of round worm. larvae in the soil penetrate the skin.

71
Q

infection from stronglyoides sterocoralis

A

intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain. may sound like GERD

72
Q

treatment of strongyloids sterocoralis

A

Ivermectin or albendazole

73
Q

ancylostoma duodenale

A

this is a hookworm which is a type of round worm. it infects people by biting their skin. larvae penetrate the skin.

74
Q

infection by ancylostoma duodenale

A

intestinal infection causing anemia by sucking blood form intestinal cells

75
Q

treatment of anclostoma duodenale

A

bendazoles or pyrnatel pamoate

76
Q

what is onchocerca volvulus

A

this is infection with nematode.

77
Q

transmission of onchocerca volvulus

A

female blackfly bite

78
Q

disease caused by onchocerca volvulus

A

hyperpigmented skin and river blindness. think black flies, black skin nodules, lack site. allergic reaction to micro filaria possible.

79
Q

treatment of onchocerca volvulus

A

Ivermectin

80
Q

loa loa infection

A

swelling in the skin, worm in the conjunctiva

81
Q

loa loa transmission

A

deer fly, horse fly, mango fl

82
Q

treatment of loa loa

A

diethylcarbamazine

83
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti transmission

A

female mosquito

84
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti disease

A

blocks lymphatic vessels. elephantiasis. takes 9 months to 1 yr after bite to become symptomatic

85
Q

treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

diethylcarbamazepine

86
Q

toxocara canis infection

A

visceral larva migrangs. usually in children. inflammation of the organs.

87
Q

treatment of toxacara canis infection

A

albendazole or mebendazole

88
Q

nematodes that make you sick if ingested

A

EAT: enterobius, ascaris, toxocara

89
Q

nematodes that make you sick if cutaneous entry

A

get into the feet from the SANd. Stronglyoides, anclyostoma, necator

90
Q

nematodes that make you sick if bitten

A

lay LOW to prevent a bite. loa loa, onchocerca volvulus, Wucheria bancrofti

91
Q

what worm causes cysticercosis

A

taenia solium. it is a tapeworm

92
Q

transmission of taenia solium

A

ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork or ingestion of eggs

93
Q

disease caused by taenia solium

A

intestinal infection, cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis

94
Q

treatment of taenia solium infection

A

Praziquantel and albendazole for neurocysticercosis

95
Q

what is diphyllobothrium latum

A

this is a cestode or tapeworm

96
Q

how do you get diphyllobothrium latum?

A

ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish

97
Q

disease caused by diphyllobothrium latum

A

B12 deficiency- tapeworm competes for the B12 and you get anemia

98
Q

treatment of diphyllobothrium latum

A

praziquantel

99
Q

echinococcus granulosus infection

A

this is a tapeworm (cestode). causes hydatid custs in the liver, leading to anaphalxis if the antigens are released.

100
Q

how to prevent anaphalaxis in echinococcus granulosus infection

A

surgeons pre inject the cyst with ethanol to kill the cysts before removal so the antigens are not released

101
Q

how does echinococcus spread

A

ingestion of eggs from dog feces

102
Q

treatment for echinococcus

A

albendazole

103
Q

what is schistosoma

A

this is a fluke or trematode

104
Q

transmission of schistisoma infection

A

snails are the host. cercariae penetrate skin of humans

105
Q

schistosoma disease

A

liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation.

106
Q

painless hematuria- should make you worry about…

A

schistosoma infection. chronic infection with S. haematobium can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, which causes painless hematuria

107
Q

treatment for schistosoma

A

praziquantel

108
Q

clonorchis sinensis

A

this is a fluke or trematode infection

109
Q

how is clonorchis sinesis transmissted

A

undercooked fish

110
Q

disease caused by clonorchis sinesis infection

A

biliary tract inflammation and pigmented gallstones.

111
Q

what type of cancer is associated with clonorchis sinesis?

A

cholangiocarcinoma

112
Q

treatment for clonorchis sinensis

A

praziquantel

113
Q

vitamin B 12 deficiency….

A

diphyllobothrium latum

114
Q

portal hypertension….

A

schistosoma mansoni, shistosoma japonicum

115
Q

perianal pruiritis…

A

enterobius

116
Q

microcytic anemia…

A

Ancylostoma, Necater (they suck blood out of intestinal cells)

117
Q

liver cysts (hydatid)

A

Echinococcus granulosa

118
Q

hematuria (painless) and bladder cancer

A

schistosoma haematobium

119
Q

brain cysts, seizures

A

taenia solium (cysticercosis)

120
Q

biliary tract disease and cholangiocarcinoma

A

clonorchis sinensis

FA Microbiology (7 decks)

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