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Micriobio: Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

disease caused by Giardia lamblia

A

giardiasis; bloating, gas, foul smelling diarrhea, fatty

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2
Q

who gets giardia infections

A

campers/hikers

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3
Q

how is giardia transmitted

A

cysts in water

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4
Q

how id giardia diagnosed

A

trophozoites or cysts in stool

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5
Q

treatment for giardia

A

metronidazole

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6
Q

entomeba histolytica disease

A

amebiasis- blood diarrhea, liver asbcess - anchovy paste exudate. patients often have RUQ pain.

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7
Q

histology of entomeba histolytica

A

flask shaped ulcer is submucosal asbcess of the color ruptures

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8
Q

how is entomeba hystolitica transmitted

A

cysts in water

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9
Q

how is entomeba hystolitica diagnosed

A

serology or you can see the trophozoites with RBCs in their cytoplasm or you can see cysts with up to 4 nuclei in the stool.

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10
Q

disease caused by cryptosporidium

A

severe diarrhea in AIDS. mild disease like watery diarrhea in regular patients

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11
Q

how is cryptosporidium transmitted

A

oocytes in the water

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12
Q

how is cryptosporidium diagnosed

A

oocytes on acid fast stain. they are pink little guys in a blue background

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13
Q

how to treat cyrptosporidum

A

best thing is to filter the water to prevent the disease. in immuno compromised people, use nitrazoxanide

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14
Q

disease caused by toxoplasma gondii

A

brain abcess in HIV patients. seen as a ring enhancing lesion on CT/MRI.

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15
Q

congenital toxoplasmosis triad

A

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and intra cranial calcifications

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16
Q

how is toxoplasmosis transmitted

A

cysts in meat or oocytes in cat feces. this is why pregnant women should stay away from litter boxes and cats

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17
Q

how to diagnose toxoplasmosis

A

serology or biopsy- can see the tachzoite

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18
Q

treatment for toxoplasmosis

A

sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

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19
Q

disease caused by naegleria fowleri

A

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

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20
Q

transmission of naegleria fowleri

A

swimming in fresh water lakes. enters via the cribiform plate.

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21
Q

how to dianose naegleria fowleri

A

amoebas in the spinal fluid

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22
Q

how to treat naegleria fowleri

A

amphotericin B for the few survivors

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23
Q

disease caused by trypanosome brucei

A

african sleeping sickness. enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever from antigenic switch, somnolence, coma.

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24
Q

transmission of trypanosome brucei

A

tsetse fly. a PAINFUL bite

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25
how to diagnose trypanosome brucei
blood smear
26
how to treat trypanosome brucei
suramin for blood borne disease or melarsoprol for CNS penetration
27
what disease is caused by plasmodium
malaria.
28
symptoms of malaria
fever, headache, anemia and splenomegaly
29
transmission of malaria
mosquito- anopheles
30
how to diagnose malaria
blood smear, trophozoite ring form within the RBC. you can also see a schizont containing merozoites.
31
disease from P vivax/ovale
48 hour cycle- tertian- fever day 1, day 3 etc. dormant form is hypnozoite in the liver
32
disease from P falciparum
severe. irregular fever pattern. parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in the brain giving cerebral malaria and int he kidney and lungs.
33
disease from P. malariae
72 hour cycle (quartan). fever day 1, 4
34
how to treat malaria
start with chloroquine. blocks plasmodium heme polymerase.
35
how to treat resistant malaria
if chloroquine is not working, use mefloquine or atovaquone
36
how to treat life threatening malaria infection
quinidine- check for G6PD deficiency first!
37
how to treat P. vivax/ovale
add primaquine for the hypnozoite. must test for G6PD first!
38
what cells do both plasmodium and babesia both infect
RBCs
39
what infections can be caused by Ixodes tick
babesia, lyme, and anaplasmosis
40
what is an Ixodes tick
it is a deer tick. also called a black legged tick. it has a yellow or orange bottom or back to it
41
symptoms of babesiosis
fever and hemolytic anemia
42
diagnosis of babesiosis
blood smear will show the infamous maltese cross or ring form.
43
treatment for babesiosis
atovaquone and azithromycin
44
trypanosoma cruzi disease
chagas disease
45
symptoms of chagas disease
remember looks just like achalesia! except with cardiac findings. dilated cardiomegaly, megacolon, mega esophagus
46
where do you find chagas disease
south america
47
what bug transmits the trypanosome cruzi infection
reduviid bug. transmitted in their feces- painless bite. kissing bug lol
48
how is chagas disease diagnosed
blood smear
49
treatment for chagas disease
benznidazole or nifurtimox
50
disease caused by leishmania donovani
visceral leishmaniais.
51
symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis
spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia.
52
transmission of leishmania donovani
sandfly
53
diagnosis of leishmania donovani
macrophages with amastigotes in them.
54
treatment for leishmania donovani
amphotericin B, sodium stibogluconate
55
disease caused by trichomonas vaginalis
vaginitis.
56
symptoms of trichomonas vaginitis
smelly, green discharge. itching and burning. different from vaginosis from Gardenella.
57
how is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted
sexually. can't form cysts so can't live outside the human body
58
how to diagnose trichomonas vaginalis
you will see trophozoites which are motile on wet mount. "think of sperm"
59
what disease gives a strawberry cervic
trichomonas vaginalis
60
treatment for vaginitis from trichomonas
metronidazole for patient and partner
61
what are nematodes
round worms
62
what are cestodes
tapeworms
63
what are trematodes
flukes
64
what is enterobias
pinworm- it is a type of round worm
65
symptoms of enterobias infection
fecal oral transmission, intestinal infection causing anal itching.
66
how to diagnose pinworm or enterobias infection
scotch tape test
67
how to treat enterobius
bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
68
ascaris lumbricoides
this is the giant roundworm. eggs visible in feces with microscope. causes intesinal infection
69
treatment of ascaris infection
benzadoles or pyrantel pamoate
70
what is stronglyoides stercoralis
type of round worm. larvae in the soil penetrate the skin.
71
infection from stronglyoides sterocoralis
intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain. may sound like GERD
72
treatment of strongyloids sterocoralis
Ivermectin or albendazole
73
ancylostoma duodenale
this is a hookworm which is a type of round worm. it infects people by biting their skin. larvae penetrate the skin.
74
infection by ancylostoma duodenale
intestinal infection causing anemia by sucking blood form intestinal cells
75
treatment of anclostoma duodenale
bendazoles or pyrnatel pamoate
76
what is onchocerca volvulus
this is infection with nematode.
77
transmission of onchocerca volvulus
female blackfly bite
78
disease caused by onchocerca volvulus
hyperpigmented skin and river blindness. think black flies, black skin nodules, lack site. allergic reaction to micro filaria possible.
79
treatment of onchocerca volvulus
Ivermectin
80
loa loa infection
swelling in the skin, worm in the conjunctiva
81
loa loa transmission
deer fly, horse fly, mango fl
82
treatment of loa loa
diethylcarbamazine
83
Wuchereria bancrofti transmission
female mosquito
84
Wuchereria bancrofti disease
blocks lymphatic vessels. elephantiasis. takes 9 months to 1 yr after bite to become symptomatic
85
treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti
diethylcarbamazepine
86
toxocara canis infection
visceral larva migrangs. usually in children. inflammation of the organs.
87
treatment of toxacara canis infection
albendazole or mebendazole
88
nematodes that make you sick if ingested
EAT: enterobius, ascaris, toxocara
89
nematodes that make you sick if cutaneous entry
get into the feet from the SANd. Stronglyoides, anclyostoma, necator
90
nematodes that make you sick if bitten
lay LOW to prevent a bite. loa loa, onchocerca volvulus, Wucheria bancrofti
91
what worm causes cysticercosis
taenia solium. it is a tapeworm
92
transmission of taenia solium
ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork or ingestion of eggs
93
disease caused by taenia solium
intestinal infection, cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis
94
treatment of taenia solium infection
Praziquantel and albendazole for neurocysticercosis
95
what is diphyllobothrium latum
this is a cestode or tapeworm
96
how do you get diphyllobothrium latum?
ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish
97
disease caused by diphyllobothrium latum
B12 deficiency- tapeworm competes for the B12 and you get anemia
98
treatment of diphyllobothrium latum
praziquantel
99
echinococcus granulosus infection
this is a tapeworm (cestode). causes hydatid custs in the liver, leading to anaphalxis if the antigens are released.
100
how to prevent anaphalaxis in echinococcus granulosus infection
surgeons pre inject the cyst with ethanol to kill the cysts before removal so the antigens are not released
101
how does echinococcus spread
ingestion of eggs from dog feces
102
treatment for echinococcus
albendazole
103
what is schistosoma
this is a fluke or trematode
104
transmission of schistisoma infection
snails are the host. cercariae penetrate skin of humans
105
schistosoma disease
liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation.
106
painless hematuria- should make you worry about...
schistosoma infection. chronic infection with S. haematobium can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, which causes painless hematuria
107
treatment for schistosoma
praziquantel
108
clonorchis sinensis
this is a fluke or trematode infection
109
how is clonorchis sinesis transmissted
undercooked fish
110
disease caused by clonorchis sinesis infection
biliary tract inflammation and pigmented gallstones.
111
what type of cancer is associated with clonorchis sinesis?
cholangiocarcinoma
112
treatment for clonorchis sinensis
praziquantel
113
vitamin B 12 deficiency....
diphyllobothrium latum
114
portal hypertension....
schistosoma mansoni, shistosoma japonicum
115
perianal pruiritis...
enterobius
116
microcytic anemia...
Ancylostoma, Necater (they suck blood out of intestinal cells)
117
liver cysts (hydatid)
Echinococcus granulosa
118
hematuria (painless) and bladder cancer
schistosoma haematobium
119
brain cysts, seizures
taenia solium (cysticercosis)
120
biliary tract disease and cholangiocarcinoma
clonorchis sinensis

FA Microbiology (7 decks)

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