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FA Microbiology > Micriobio: Systems > Flashcards

Micriobio: Systems Flashcards

1
Q

normal flora of the skin

A

Staph epidermidis

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2
Q

normal flora of the nose

A

Staph epidermidis, colonized by Staph aurues

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3
Q

normal flora of the oropharynx

A

strep viridans

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4
Q

dental plaque normal flora

A

Step mutans

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5
Q

normal flora of the colon

A

bacteriodes, > Ecoli

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6
Q

normal flora of the vagina

A

lactobacillus, colonized by E coli and group B strep

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7
Q

food poisoning from reheated rice

A

bacilius cereus

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8
Q

food poisoning from improperly canned food

A

C. botulinum

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9
Q

food poisoning from reheated meat dishes

A

C. perfringes

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10
Q

food poisoning from undercooked meat

A

E.Coli O157 H7

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11
Q

food poisoning from poultry, meat, eggs

A

salmonella

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12
Q

food poisoning from meat, mayo, custard with a preformed toxin

A

S. aureus

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13
Q

food poisoning from contaminated seafood

A

V parahaemolyticus and V vulnificus

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14
Q

bugs that cause bloody diarrhea

A 
CHEESY
campylobacter 
E. Hystolitica
Enterohemorraghic Ecoli
Enteroinvasive Ecoli
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia enterocolitica
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15
Q

Where do you see Yersinia infections?

A

day care centers, psedoappendicitis symptoms

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16
Q

which only requires a few organisms shigella or salmonella?

A

shigella

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17
Q

what kind of diarrhea from C diff

A

watery diarrhea with pseudomembranous colitis. only occasionally bloody

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18
Q

what symptoms from C perfringes

A

watery diarrhea and potential gas gangrene

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19
Q

what symptoms from Enterotoxigenic E coli

A

watery diarrhea. travelers diarrea. produces a heat stabile and a heat labile toxin

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20
Q

what protozoa causes watery diarrhea

A

giardia and cyrptosporidium in immuno compromised patients

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21
Q

Vibrio cholera symptoms

A

rice water diarrhea. commonly from infected seafood.

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22
Q

which viruses can cause diarrhea

A

rotavirus and norovirus

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23
Q

what 2 bugs cause pneumoinia in a neonate <4 wks

A

Group B strep

Ecoli

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24
Q

what bugs cause pneumonia in a child 4wks- 18 yrs?

A

Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum

Viruses (RSV)
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia trachomatis (infants- 3yrs)
Chlamydial pneumoniae (school aged children)
Strep pneumonia
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25
Q

what 3 bugs cause pneumonia in adults (18-40 yrs)

A

Mycoplasma
C pneumonia
S pneumonia

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26
Q

What 5 bugs cause pneumonia in older adults (40-65)

A 
S pneumonia
H influenza
Anaerobes
Viruses
Mycoplasma
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27
Q

what bugs cause pneumonia in the elderly

A 
S pneumonia
Influenza virus
Anaerobes
H influenza
Gram negative rods
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28
Q

pneumonia in an alcoholic or IV drug user

A

Strep pneumonia, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus

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29
Q

Bugs causing aspiration pneumonia

A

anaerobes

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30
Q

Atypical pnuemonia causes

A

mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

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31
Q

pneumonia in CF patients

A

pseudomonas, S aureus, S pneumoniae

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32
Q

Pnuemonia in immunocompromised patients

A

staphylococcus, enteric gram negative rods, fungi, virus, P jirovecci with HIV.

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33
Q

hospital acquired pneumonias

A

staphylococcus, psuedomonas, enteric gram negative

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34
Q

postviral causes of pneumonia

A

staphylococcus, H influenza, S pneumonia

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35
Q

causes of meningitis in the 0- 6 month age group

A

Group B Strep
Listeria
E coli

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36
Q

cause of meningitis in the 6month - 6 yr group

A

H influenza type B
S pneumonia
N meningitidis
Enterovirus

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37
Q

cause of meningitis in the 6yr - 60 yr group

A

Strep pneumonia
N meningitidis (very common in teens)
Enteroviruses
HSV

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38
Q

causes of meningitis in the 60 plus category

A

listeria
gram negative rods
S pneumonia

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39
Q

empirical therapy for possible meningitis

A

vancomycin and ceftriaxone (need to add ampicillin if you are worried about listeria)

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40
Q

viral causes of meningitis

A

enteroviruses (especially coxsackie), HSV 2 (HSV1 is more encephalitis), HIV, West nile, VZV

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41
Q

meningitis in the HIV positive patient

A

cryptococcus (fungal), CMV, toxoplasmosis

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42
Q

who do you really only see H influenza meningitis in?

A

un vaccinated children

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43
Q

bacterial meningitis CSF findings

A

increased opening pressure, increased polys, increased protein, decreased glucose

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44
Q

fungal/TB meningitis CSF findings

A

increased opening pressure, increased lymphocytes, increased protein and decreased sugar

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45
Q

viral meningitis CSF findings

A

normal or increased opening pressure, mild increase in lymphocytes, normal or increased protein and normal sugar.

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46
Q

most common cause of osteomyelitis

A

S aureus

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47
Q

osteomyelitis cause in sexually active individuals

A

N gonorhea. generally causes septic arthritis though

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48
Q

osteomyelitis in diabetics and IV drug users

A

pseudomonas aeriginosa, serratia

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49
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

salmonella

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50
Q

osteomyelitis with joint replacement

A

S epidermidis and S aureus

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51
Q

Osteomyelitis with vertebral involvement

A

Mycobacterium Tb (this is Pott’s disease)

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52
Q

osteomyelitis with cat or dog bite

A

pasteurella multocida

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53
Q

signs of a urinary tract infection

A

dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and WBCs but NO casts in teh urine.

54
Q

cause of UTI in the elderly

A

usually an enlarged prostate

55
Q

signs of pylonephritis

A

fever, chills, flank pain, CVA tenderness, hematuria, and WBC casts

56
Q

why are UTIs more common in women

A

much shorter urethra colonized by fecal flora

57
Q

what does a positive leukocyte esterase test mean

A

bacterial UTI

58
Q

what does a positive nitrite test mean

A

gram negative bacterial UTI

59
Q

most common cause of UTI

A

E coli. colonies show green metallic sheen on EMB agar.

60
Q

second leading cause of UTI

A

staph saprophyticus. mostly in sexually active women.

61
Q

3rd most common cause of UTI

A

Klebsiella. shows large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies

62
Q

serratia marcescens UTI

A

some strains produce a red pigmnt. often nosocomial and drug resistant

63
Q

Enterobacter cloacae UTI

A

often nosocomnial and drug resistant

64
Q

Proteus mirabilis UTI

A

motility causes swarming on agar. produces urease. associated with struvite stones

65
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa UTI

A

blue green pigment and fruity odor. usually nosocomial and drug resistant

66
Q

bacterial vaginosis infection

A

no inflammation, thin white discharge with fishy odor. lab shows clue cells and pH >4.5. caused by gardenella vaginalis

67
Q

bacterial vaginosis treatment

A

metronidazole

68
Q

trichomoniasis vaginal infection

A

caused by trichomonas vaginalis. inflammation, frothy, grey-green foul smelling discharge, lab findings show motile trichomonads with pH >4.5.

69
Q

treatment for trichomiasis vaginal infection

A

metronidazole and treat the partner

70
Q

candida vaginal infection

A

shows inflammation, thick, white cottage cheese like discharge. lab shows pseudohyphae and pH is normal (4-4.5)

71
Q

treatment of vaginal candida infection

A

azoles.

72
Q

infections passed from mother to fetus

A 
ToRCHeS. 
Toxoplasma gondii
Rubella
CMV
HIV
Herpes simplex 2
Syphillis
73
Q

parvovirus in the newborn

A

infection from mom. causes hydrops fetalis.

74
Q

Mom-Baby toxoplasmosis transmission

A

from cat feces or undercoked meat. usually mom is asymptomatic and neonate has the classic triad
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

75
Q

classic triad of toxoplasmosis infection in neonate

A

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification

76
Q

Mom-Baby rubella infection

A

transmitted from respiratory droplets. mom will have rash, lymphadenopathy and arthritis. neonate will have PDA or pulmonary artery hypoplasia, cataracts and deafness. blueberry muffin rash.

77
Q

classic triad in neonate of rubella

A

cataracts, PDA, deafness. don’t forget the blueberry muffin rash.

78
Q

Mom-Baby CMV

A

transmitted from sexual contacts or organ transplant into mom. mom is usually asymptomatic or flu like symptoms. infant has hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blueberry muffin rash.

79
Q

Mom-Baby HIV infection

A

infant- you will see recurrent infections and chronic diarrhea

80
Q

Mom-Baby Herpes simplex virus 2

A

mom is usually asymptomatic. neonate has encephalitis, herpetic lesions etc

81
Q

Mom-Baby syphillis

A

infant is often stillborn. hydrops fetalis can be seen. if the child survives, presents with facial abnormalities including notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla, saber shins, CN VIII deafness. also mulberry molars

82
Q

neonate with chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and intracranial calcification

A

has toxoplasmosis from mom

83
Q

neonate with PDA (or pulmonary artery hypoplasia), cataracts and deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash

A

rubella from mom

84
Q

neonate with hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash and blueberry muffin rash

A

CMV from mom

85
Q

recurrent infections and diarrhea in a neonate

A

worry about HIV from mom

86
Q

encephalitis and vesicular rash in a neonate

A

worry about HSV2 from mom

87
Q

facial abnormalities, mulberry molars, notched teeth, saddle nose, saber chins and CN8 deafness in a neonate

A

congenital syphillis from mom

88
Q

red vesicular rash on the palms and soles of a child with vesicles and ulcers on oral mucosa

A

hand foot and mouth disease- coxsackie A virus

89
Q

an infant with a macular rash over entire body after a few days of very high fever and potential for febrile seizures

A

HHV 6 roseola infection

90
Q

red rash in an infant that begins at the head and moves down, centrifugally. it is a fine truncal rash. post auricular lymphadenopathy also present

A

rubella

91
Q

red rash in a child beginning at the head and moving down. rash is preceeded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and blue-white spots on buccal mucosa

A

measles virus. the blue-white spots are the koplik spots. coyza is inflamamtion of the nasal mucosa.

92
Q

slapped cheek rash on a young child’s face (also sometimes see hydrops fetalis in pregnant women)

A

Parvovirus B19 causing 5th disease or erythema infectiosum

93
Q

erythematous sandpaper like rash with fever and sore throat in a child

A

Strep pyogenes infection- scarlet fever

94
Q

vesicular rash that begins on the trunk ad spreads to the face and extremities with lesions of different age

A

this is chickenpox from VZV.

95
Q

patient has opportunistic infections, Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma

A

think about AIDS/ HIV bug

96
Q

patient has a painful genital ulcer and inguinal adenopathy

A

disease is chancroid and its from Hemophilus ducreyi- sexually transmitted disease

97
Q

patient has urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, reactive arthritis or PID

A

this is chlamydia trachomatis.

98
Q

patient with genital warts and histology that shows koilocytes

A

HPV 6 and 11

99
Q

fever, headache painful penile or vaginal warts as well as myalgias

A

HSV2, less commonly HSV1. this is chondylomata acuminata

100
Q

urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymisis, arthritis, creamy purulent discharge

A

neisseria gonorrhoae

101
Q

infection of lymphatics with painless genital ulcers, and painful lymphadenopathy

A

this is likely Lymphogranuloma venereumfrom from chlamydia trachomatis

102
Q

fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rash and condylomata lata

A

treponema palidium- secondary syphillus

103
Q

gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, and argyl robertson pupil

A

this is tertiary syphilis from treponema palidium

104
Q

vaginitis, strawberry cervix, motile in wet prep

A

trichomonas vaginalis from trichomoniasis.

105
Q

two most common bugs causing PID

A

chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) and gonorrhea

106
Q

patient with cervical motion tenderness and purulent cervical discharge

A

PID from likely either chlamydia or gonorrhea

107
Q

fitz hugh curtis syndrome

A

infection of the liver capsule and violin string adhesions of the peritoneum to the liver. it is a consequence of untreated PID

108
Q

diseases in the newborn nursery

A

CMV, RSV

109
Q

diseases from urinary catheterization

A

E.Coli, Proteus mirabilis.

110
Q

people who work in the renal dialysis unit

A

exposure to HBV

111
Q

people who work with respiratory therapy equipment

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa.

112
Q

measles vs rubella rash

A

both have a rash that starts on the head and moves down he body.
rubella- it has post auricular lymphadenopathy
measles- comes with cough, nasal inflammation, conjunctivitis, and blue-white koplik spots on the buccal mucosa

113
Q

meningitis in a child who was not immunized

A

worry about H influenza and poliovirus.

114
Q

fever in a child with dysphagia, drooling, difficult breathing with cherry red epiglotis and thumbprint sign on Xray

A

this is epiglottitis from H influenza B infection. can also occur in children who are immunized.

115
Q

asplenic patient

A

encapsulated microbes are the issue- SHiN, so S pneumonia, H influenza, Neisseria Meningitidis

116
Q

branching rods in oral infection, sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelli

117
Q

chronic granulomatous disease

A

catalase positive organisms bc the people rely on the H202 because they have a deficiency in the NADPH oxidase. especially S aureus

118
Q

currant jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

119
Q

dog or cat bite

A

pasteurella multocida

120
Q

facial nerve palsy

A

borrelia burgdorfi

121
Q

fungal infection in diabetic or immunocompromised individual

A

mucor or rhizopus

122
Q

health care provider most common infection from needle stick injury

A

hep B

123
Q

neutropenic patients

A

systemic candida and aspergillus

124
Q

organ transplant recipient

A

CMV

125
Q

PAS + bug

A

tropheryma whipplei

126
Q

pediatric infections

A

think about thinks like H influenza

127
Q

pneumonia in cystic fibrosis

A

pseudomonas

128
Q

pus, abscess, empyema

A

S aureus

129
Q

sepsis or meningitis in a new born

A

group B strep

130
Q

surgical wound infection

A

S aureus

131
Q

traumatic open wound

A

Costridium perfringes

FA Microbiology (7 decks)

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