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Disease and Defense > microbial toxins > Flashcards

microbial toxins Flashcards

1
Q

Toxin actions

A
  1. spread
  2. damage cell wall
  3. cytokin production
  4. protein synthesis
  5. intracellular pathways
  6. Inhibit release of NT
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2
Q

What toxin help spread? (5)

A 
Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Elastase
Deoxyribonuclease
Streptokinase
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3
Q

LIst 2 toxin damage cell walls

A

Hemolysins

cytolysins

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4
Q

How does toxin damage cell walls?

A

insert into membrane –> complex –> more/lyse

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5
Q

Name 2 cytokine production toxin

A

pryogenic exotoxins

Superantigens

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6
Q

How do super antigens work?

A

Bind MHC Class II and Vb on T cell –> antigen independent activation

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7
Q

2 toxin that inhibits protein synthesis

A 
Diptheria toxin (and pseudomonas exotoxin)
Shiga toxins
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8
Q

Diptheria toxin targets ___?

A

EF2 (inactivates)

ADP transfer from NAD to EF2

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9
Q

Shiga toxin targets ___?

A

28S (part of 60s)

Removes Adenine from 28S

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10
Q

Name the 6 toxin that modify intracellular signaling pathways

A 
Heat labile of vibrio cholerae/E coli
Pertussis toxin
Heat stable enterotoxin ST1 Ecoli
Anthrax edema factor
Anthrax lethal factor
C. difficile toxin A & B
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11
Q

C. Difficile toxin A causes ____

A

Diarrhea

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12
Q

C difficile toxin B affects ____?

A

Rho family GTPase (actin cytoskeleton)

glucosyl transferase: UDP - glu –> rho

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13
Q

Anthrax lethal factor targets ___?

A

(endopeptidase cleaves) MAP kinase kinase proteins (inactive signal transduction)

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14
Q

Anthrax edema factor causes

A

increase cAMP

adenylate cyclase toxin - need Ca2+ and calmodulin

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15
Q

Adenylate cyclase toxin requires _____ and _____ to activate

A

Calcium and calmodulin

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16
Q

Heat stable enterotoxin 1 (ST1) Ecoli targets is a ______ ______ and causes ______ to increase and ________

A

granylate cyclase; cGMP; secretory diarrhea

17
Q

Pertussis toxin and heat labil enterotoxin (cholera and Echoli) is a ______________

A

ADP ribosyltransferase

18
Q

Pertussis toxin causes G_ to be ______, which causes _____

A

Gi to be inactivated –> increase cAMP (increase secretion)

19
Q

Cholera and heat labil ecoli toxin (enterotoxin) causes G_ to be ______, which causes _____

A

Gs to be active –> increase cAMP (increase secretion)

20
Q

Name 2 toxin that inhibits release of neurotransmittors

A

botulinum toxin + tetanus toxin

21
Q

botulinum toxin + tetanus toxin are ____________?

A

zinc - dependent endopeptidase

22
Q

botulinum toxin + tetanus toxin inactivates _______ which causes the inability to _______

A

SNARE; neuroexocytosis

23
Q

botulinum toxin causes ___ paralysis, vs tetanus toxin causes ___ paralysis

A

flaccid; spastic

24
Q

botulinum toxin + tetanus toxin acts where? (different places)

A

Bot: at myoneural junction - inhibits release of Ach
Tet: at spinal cord - inhibits inhibitory interneurons

25
Q

Toxins act _______ or on _______

A

extracellulary; plasma membrane

26
Q

Toxins are typically bi functions… what are the two domains and fcn?

A

subunit A: Active

subunit B: binding

27
Q

Toxins usually enter target cells by _______

A

endocytosis

28
Q

Antitoxin functions?

A

bind to toxin - prevent toxicity - neutralization

29
Q

Antitoxin does NOT do what? (2)

A
  1. prevent infection by bacteria

2. reverse toxic effect

30
Q

Toxoids are derivatives of ____ and retains ______ but lack _____

A

toxins; immunogenicity; toxicity

31
Q

Toxoid used for

A

active immunization vaccine

32
Q

Passive immunization administrates _______ and are _____ protection against toxin/infectious agent

A

antibodies, temporary

33
Q

Immunotoxin/hormonotoxins are

A

hybrid molecule: Toxin fragment + ligand

34
Q

Uses of Immunotoxins

A

cancer, autoimmune, etc

Disease and Defense (10 decks)

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