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MICRO BIO > Microbial Metabolism > Flashcards

Microbial Metabolism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Series of biochemical reactions by which the cell breaks down or biosynthesizes various metabolites

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

Nutrients required in large amounts

A

Macronutrients

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3
Q

Nutrients required in minute amounts

A

Micronutrients

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4
Q

Macronutrients

A

P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Na, C, N, H, O

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5
Q

Micronutrients

A

Trace metals

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6
Q

Function as cofactors of certain enzymes

A

Trace metals

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7
Q

Growth factors

A

Organic Micronutrients

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8
Q

Process by which cells accumulate solutes against the concentration gradient

A

Active Transport

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9
Q

Types of Active transport

A

Simple transport
Group translocation
ABC transport

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10
Q

Transport, driven by inherent proton motive force

A

Simple transport

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11
Q

2 types of simple transport

A
  1. Symport reactions
  2. Antiport reactions
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12
Q

Solute and proton are cotransported in one direction

A

Symport reactions

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13
Q

A solute and a proton transported in opposite directions

A

Antiport reactions

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14
Q

Transport, Transported substance is chemically modified and is driven by an energy rich compound

A

Group Translocation

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15
Q

Transport, System that employs a periplasmic binding protein along with transmembrane and ATP-hydrolizing components

A

ABC Transport

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16
Q

ABC in ABC transport means…

A

ATP Binding Cassete

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17
Q

It is the region that lies between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane

A

Periplasm

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18
Q

Organisms that conserve energy from chemicals

A

Chemotrophs

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19
Q

Organisms that use organic chemicals

A

Chemoorganotrophs

20
Q

Organisms that taps energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds

A

Chemolithotrphs

21
Q

Organisms that use light as their source of energy

A

Phototrophs

22
Q

Two forms of Phototrophy

A

Oxygenic Photosynthesis
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

23
Q

Organisms that use organic compounds as a carbon source

A

Heterotroph

24
Q

Organisms capable of biosynthesizing all cell material from CO2 as the sole carbon source

A

Autotrophs

25
Q

True or false

Chemoorganotrophs are also heterotrophs

A

True

26
Q

True or false

MOST chemolithotrophs and phototrophs are autotrophs

A

True

27
Q

True or false

All organic matter on Earth are synthesized by primary producers like the chemolithotrophs

A

False (Phototrophs)

28
Q

A substance that facilitates a reaction but is not consumed by its functions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction, increasing production rate

A

Catalyst

29
Q

Major catalyst in cells

A

Enzymes

30
Q

A small and loosely bound non protein molecule that participates in a reaction as part of an enzyme

A

Coenzyme

31
Q

True or False

Most coenzymes are derivatives of vitamins

A

True

32
Q

True or false

All coenzymes are cofactors

A

True

33
Q

The reactant that combines with the enzyme in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

A

Substrate

34
Q

When the enzyme reacts with the substrate a _______ is formed

A

Enzyme-substrate complex

35
Q

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the

A

Active site

36
Q

Removal of an electron from a substance

A

Oxidation

37
Q

Addition of an electron to a substance

A

Reduction

38
Q

Short for oxidation-reduction

A

Redox

39
Q

It is the substance oxidized

A

Electron donor

40
Q

It is the substance reduced

A

Electron Acceptor

41
Q

It is the most important energy rich phosphate compound in cells

A

Adenosine triphosphate

42
Q

Derivative contains energy rich thioester bonds which it hydrolizes
to yield sufficient free energy.

A

Coenzyme A

43
Q

Glycogen is an example of a ___________

A

Energy storage polymer

44
Q

In the absence of an energy source a cell can break these down to make new cell material or to supply the very low amount of energy to maintain cell integrity.

A

Energy storage polymers

45
Q

Energy needed to maintain cell integrity when a cell is in a nongrowing state

A

Maintenance energy

MICRO BIO (5 decks)

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