Microbial Metabolism Flashcards
Series of biochemical reactions by which the cell breaks down or biosynthesizes various metabolites
Metabolism
Nutrients required in large amounts
Macronutrients
Nutrients required in minute amounts
Micronutrients
Macronutrients
P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Na, C, N, H, O
Micronutrients
Trace metals
Function as cofactors of certain enzymes
Trace metals
Growth factors
Organic Micronutrients
Process by which cells accumulate solutes against the concentration gradient
Active Transport
Types of Active transport
Simple transport
Group translocation
ABC transport
Transport, driven by inherent proton motive force
Simple transport
2 types of simple transport
- Symport reactions
- Antiport reactions
Solute and proton are cotransported in one direction
Symport reactions
A solute and a proton transported in opposite directions
Antiport reactions
Transport, Transported substance is chemically modified and is driven by an energy rich compound
Group Translocation
Transport, System that employs a periplasmic binding protein along with transmembrane and ATP-hydrolizing components
ABC Transport
ABC in ABC transport means…
ATP Binding Cassete
It is the region that lies between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane
Periplasm
Organisms that conserve energy from chemicals
Chemotrophs
Organisms that use organic chemicals
Chemoorganotrophs
Organisms that taps energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds
Chemolithotrphs
Organisms that use light as their source of energy
Phototrophs
Two forms of Phototrophy
Oxygenic Photosynthesis
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis
Organisms that use organic compounds as a carbon source
Heterotroph
Organisms capable of biosynthesizing all cell material from CO2 as the sole carbon source
Autotrophs
True or false
Chemoorganotrophs are also heterotrophs
True
True or false
MOST chemolithotrophs and phototrophs are autotrophs
True
True or false
All organic matter on Earth are synthesized by primary producers like the chemolithotrophs
False (Phototrophs)
A substance that facilitates a reaction but is not consumed by its functions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction, increasing production rate
Catalyst
Major catalyst in cells
Enzymes
A small and loosely bound non protein molecule that participates in a reaction as part of an enzyme
Coenzyme
True or False
Most coenzymes are derivatives of vitamins
True
True or false
All coenzymes are cofactors
True
The reactant that combines with the enzyme in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Substrate
When the enzyme reacts with the substrate a _______ is formed
Enzyme-substrate complex
The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the
Active site
Removal of an electron from a substance
Oxidation
Addition of an electron to a substance
Reduction
Short for oxidation-reduction
Redox
It is the substance oxidized
Electron donor
It is the substance reduced
Electron Acceptor
It is the most important energy rich phosphate compound in cells
Adenosine triphosphate
Derivative contains energy rich thioester bonds which it hydrolizes
to yield sufficient free energy.
Coenzyme A
Glycogen is an example of a ___________
Energy storage polymer
In the absence of an energy source a cell can break these down to make new cell material or to supply the very low amount of energy to maintain cell integrity.
Energy storage polymers
Energy needed to maintain cell integrity when a cell is in a nongrowing state
Maintenance energy
