Microbial Genetics 2

Question 1

Difference in the DNA sequences of a population

Answer 1

Genetic Variation

Question 2

Change in DNA sequence of an organism

Answer 2

Mutation

Question 3

Rearrangement of DNA sequence due to breakage and rejoining of chromosome

Answer 3

Genetic Recombination

Question 4

Types of Mutation

Answer 4

Base substitution
Deletion
Insertion

Question 5

It is the most common type or mutation also known as point mutation

Answer 5

Base substitution

Question 6

Type of base substitution where purines are substituted by purines and pyrimidines with pyrimidines

Answer 6

Transition

Question 7

Type of base substitution where purines are substituted by pyrimidines and vice versa

Answer 7

Transversion

Question 8

Occurs when a base substitution occurs on the third base of the codon, and a synonymous codon will be generated

Answer 8

Silent

Question 9

Occurs when the base substitution results in a new codon that codes for a new amino acid and leads to a different polypeptide chain

Answer 9

Missense

Question 10

When the base substitution results in the generation of a stop codon

Answer 10

Nonsense

Question 11

A type of mutation where one or more base pairs are lost, resulting to frame shift. It can alter the product or result in a non functional product

Answer 11

Deletions

Question 12

A type of mutation where an additional base pair is inserted

Answer 12

Insertion

Question 13

Chemical and physical agents that cause mutations

Answer 13

Mutagnens

Question 14

T or F

UV light is absorbed by cytosine and thymine

Answer 14

T

Question 15

These are replication errors which can lead to cell death

Answer 15

Thymine dimers

Question 16

Exchange of homologous genes on a chromosome

Answer 16

Recombination

Question 17

Genes transferred from one bacterium to another

Answer 17

Transformation

Question 18

When bacteria dies it lyses and released cellular content into the environment which is taken up by another cell. This process is known as

Answer 18

Transformation

Question 19

A circular extrachromosomal DNA

Answer 19

Plasmid

Question 20

The potential ability to produce disease

Answer 20

Pathogenicity

Question 21

Mode of gene transfer that requires cell to cell contact through f-factor pili

Answer 21

Conjugation

Question 22

Transfer of genes from a donor to a recipient by a bacteriophage

Answer 22

Transduction

Question 23

Also known as phages, are viruses that infect and replicate only in bacterial cells.

Answer 23

Bacteriophages

Question 24

Change in morphology/phenotype without alteration in genotype. It is not permanent

Answer 24

Epigenetics

Question 25

Eukaryotic and bacterial cells can turn of a gene by _____ certain nucleotides

Answer 25

Methylating