Microbial Genetics 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference in the DNA sequences of a population

A

Genetic Variation

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2
Q

Change in DNA sequence of an organism

A

Mutation

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3
Q

Rearrangement of DNA sequence due to breakage and rejoining of chromosome

A

Genetic Recombination

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4
Q

Types of Mutation

A

Base substitution
Deletion
Insertion

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5
Q

It is the most common type or mutation also known as point mutation

A

Base substitution

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6
Q

Type of base substitution where purines are substituted by purines and pyrimidines with pyrimidines

A

Transition

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7
Q

Type of base substitution where purines are substituted by pyrimidines and vice versa

A

Transversion

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8
Q

Occurs when a base substitution occurs on the third base of the codon, and a synonymous codon will be generated

A

Silent

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9
Q

Occurs when the base substitution results in a new codon that codes for a new amino acid and leads to a different polypeptide chain

A

Missense

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10
Q

When the base substitution results in the generation of a stop codon

A

Nonsense

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11
Q

A type of mutation where one or more base pairs are lost, resulting to frame shift. It can alter the product or result in a non functional product

A

Deletions

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12
Q

A type of mutation where an additional base pair is inserted

A

Insertion

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13
Q

Chemical and physical agents that cause mutations

A

Mutagnens

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14
Q

T or F

UV light is absorbed by cytosine and thymine

A

T

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15
Q

These are replication errors which can lead to cell death

A

Thymine dimers

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16
Q

Exchange of homologous genes on a chromosome

A

Recombination

17
Q

Genes transferred from one bacterium to another

A

Transformation

18
Q

When bacteria dies it lyses and released cellular content into the environment which is taken up by another cell. This process is known as

A

Transformation

19
Q

A circular extrachromosomal DNA

A

Plasmid

20
Q

The potential ability to produce disease

A

Pathogenicity

21
Q

Mode of gene transfer that requires cell to cell contact through f-factor pili

A

Conjugation

22
Q

Transfer of genes from a donor to a recipient by a bacteriophage

A

Transduction

23
Q

Also known as phages, are viruses that infect and replicate only in bacterial cells.

A

Bacteriophages

24
Q

Change in morphology/phenotype without alteration in genotype. It is not permanent

A

Epigenetics

25
Q

Eukaryotic and bacterial cells can turn of a gene by _____ certain nucleotides

A

Methylating