Microbial Genetics Flashcards
Are functional unit of genetic information
Genes
Condensed form of the thread like structure
Chromosomes
Totality of the genetic information
Genome
Are monomers of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
DNA and RNA are
Polynucleotides
Base type that contains 2 nitrogenous rings
Purine, Adenine and Guanine
Base type that contains 1 nitrogenous ring
Pyrimidines, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
5’
Phosphate or Hydroxyl
Phosphate
Bonds between bases
Hydrogen bonds
Bonds between sugars
Phosphodiester bonds
One helical turn is how many base pairs
10 base pairs
10 base pairs or 1 helical turn is how long
3.4 nanometers
The 2 strands of DNA are
Anti-Parallel
3 DNA characteristics
Anti-Parallel, Semi-Discontinuous, Semi-Conservative
Is a type of molecules consists of a long chain of nucleotide units. Usually single stranded
RNA
This type of RNA is complementary to a DNA strand and functions to carry the genetic material from chromosome to ribosome
MRNA
The process by which DNA information is copied to RNA
Transcription
RNA that is associated with the ribosome that accepts information from tRNA and correlates the information to synthesize proteins
rRNA
Process by which cells makes proteins
Protein Synthesis
Is responsible to transfer information from mRNA to rRNA
tRNA
Process that turns genetic information from mRNA into a series of amino acids with peptide bonds
Translation
The theory of molecular biology represented by a simple pathway, which demonstrates the flow of genetic information in the cell
Central Dogma
DNA sizes are expressed in
Base Pairs
E.coli has
4.64 Mbp
It is the coiling of the genome
Supercoiling
Supercoiling is done by what enzyme in bacteria
DNA gyrase
True or False
Insertion of supercoil requires ATP while removal does not
True
Bacterial DNA is _______ supercoiled
Negatively
What is the supercoiling of Archaeas
Positive
True or False
Bacteria had 3 chromosomes
False (1)
They are responsible in transporting nucleotides from the cytoplasm that complements the template into the dna strand
Polymerases
Steps in DNA replication
DNA unwinds
Bases added
Replication fork moves down strand
Newly replicated DNA rewinds
Responsible in the assembly of nucleotides in Transcription
RNA Polymerase
Protein 3 synthesis steps
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
The beginning process of protein synthesis starts with the start codon methionine
Initiation
The start codon that is coded by AUG
Formylmethionine (f-met)
The step which a complex that begins with f-met is attached with amino acids forming a chain.
Elongation
Ends when synthesis comes to a termination codon
Termination
Three termination codes
UAA, UAG, UGA
A group of e nucleotides in DNA which acts as a code in the placing of an amino acid in protein molecule
Codon
