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MICRO BIO > Microbial Genetics > Flashcards

Microbial Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Are functional unit of genetic information

A

Genes

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2
Q

Condensed form of the thread like structure

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

Totality of the genetic information

A

Genome

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4
Q

Are monomers of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

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5
Q

DNA and RNA are

A

Polynucleotides

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6
Q

Base type that contains 2 nitrogenous rings

A

Purine, Adenine and Guanine

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7
Q

Base type that contains 1 nitrogenous ring

A

Pyrimidines, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

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8
Q

5’

Phosphate or Hydroxyl

A

Phosphate

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9
Q

Bonds between bases

A

Hydrogen bonds

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10
Q

Bonds between sugars

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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11
Q

One helical turn is how many base pairs

A

10 base pairs

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12
Q

10 base pairs or 1 helical turn is how long

A

3.4 nanometers

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13
Q

The 2 strands of DNA are

A

Anti-Parallel

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14
Q

3 DNA characteristics

A

Anti-Parallel, Semi-Discontinuous, Semi-Conservative

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15
Q

Is a type of molecules consists of a long chain of nucleotide units. Usually single stranded

A

RNA

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16
Q

This type of RNA is complementary to a DNA strand and functions to carry the genetic material from chromosome to ribosome

A

MRNA

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17
Q

The process by which DNA information is copied to RNA

A

Transcription

18
Q

RNA that is associated with the ribosome that accepts information from tRNA and correlates the information to synthesize proteins

A

rRNA

19
Q

Process by which cells makes proteins

A

Protein Synthesis

20
Q

Is responsible to transfer information from mRNA to rRNA

A

tRNA

21
Q

Process that turns genetic information from mRNA into a series of amino acids with peptide bonds

A

Translation

22
Q

The theory of molecular biology represented by a simple pathway, which demonstrates the flow of genetic information in the cell

A

Central Dogma

23
Q

DNA sizes are expressed in

A

Base Pairs

24
Q

E.coli has

A

4.64 Mbp

25
Q

It is the coiling of the genome

A

Supercoiling

26
Q

Supercoiling is done by what enzyme in bacteria

A

DNA gyrase

27
Q

True or False

Insertion of supercoil requires ATP while removal does not

A

True

28
Q

Bacterial DNA is _______ supercoiled

A

Negatively

29
Q

What is the supercoiling of Archaeas

A

Positive

30
Q

True or False

Bacteria had 3 chromosomes

A

False (1)

31
Q

They are responsible in transporting nucleotides from the cytoplasm that complements the template into the dna strand

A

Polymerases

32
Q

Steps in DNA replication

A

DNA unwinds

Bases added

Replication fork moves down strand

Newly replicated DNA rewinds

33
Q

Responsible in the assembly of nucleotides in Transcription

A

RNA Polymerase

34
Q

Protein 3 synthesis steps

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

35
Q

The beginning process of protein synthesis starts with the start codon methionine

A

Initiation

36
Q

The start codon that is coded by AUG

A

Formylmethionine (f-met)

37
Q

The step which a complex that begins with f-met is attached with amino acids forming a chain.

A

Elongation

38
Q

Ends when synthesis comes to a termination codon

A

Termination

39
Q

Three termination codes

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

40
Q

A group of e nucleotides in DNA which acts as a code in the placing of an amino acid in protein molecule

A

Codon

MICRO BIO (5 decks)

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