microbial infection and partogenis

Question 1

adherence

Answer 1

the enhanced ability of a
microorganism to attach to a cell or
surface

Question 2

adhesins

Answer 2

glycoproteins or lipoproteins
covalently bound to the outer layer of the
pathogen that function in attachment to
host tissues

Question 3

attenuation

Answer 3

a decrease or loss of virulence

Question 4

bactermia

Answer 4

the presence of bacteria in the
blood

Question 5

capsule

Answer 5

a dense, well-defined polysaccharide
or protein layer closely surrounding a cell

Question 6

colonization

Answer 6

the growth of a microorganism
after it has gained access to host tissues

Question 7

dental plaque

Answer 7

a bacterial biofilm consisting
of a matrix of extracellular polymers and
salivary products, found on the teeth

Question 8

disease

Answer 8

an injury to a host organism, caused
by a pathogen or other factor, that affects
host function

Question 9

endotoxin

Answer 9

he lipopolysaccharide portion
of the cell envelope of most gram-negative
Bacteria, which is a toxin when solubilized

Question 10

enterotoxin

Answer 10

a protein released
extracellularly by a microorganism as it
grows that produces immediate damage to
the small intestine of the host

Question 11

infection

Answer 11

an event during which a
microorganism not a member of the local
microbiota is established and grows in a host,
regardless of whether the host is harmed

Question 12

invasion

Answer 12

the ability of a pathogen to enter
into host cells or tissues, spread, and cause
disease

Question 13

mucous membrane

Answer 13

layer of mucus-covered
epithelial cells that interacts with the
external environment

Question 14

mucus

Answer 14

a liquid secretion that contains
water-soluble glycoproteins and proteins
that retain moisture and aid in resistance to
microbial invasion on mucosal surfaces

Question 15

opportunistic pathogen

Answer 15

an organism
that causes disease only in the absence of
normal host resistance

Question 16

patogenicity

Answer 16

the ability of a pathogen to
cause disease

Question 17

septicemia

Answer 17

a a bloodborne systemic infection

Question 18

toxicity

Answer 18

he ability of an organism to cause
disease by means of a preformed toxin that
inhibits host cell function or kills host cells

Question 19

virulence

Answer 19

the relative ability of a pathogen
to cause disease

Question 20

virulence factors

Answer 20

substances or strategies
of a pathogen that indirectly or directly
enhance invasiveness and host damage by
facilitating and promoting infection

Question 21

exotoxin

Answer 21

a protein released extracellularly by
a microorganism as it grows that produces
immediate host cell damage