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Microbiology > Microbial Infection > Flashcards

Microbial Infection Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a serious bacterial infection usually affecting the mucous membranes or nose and throat

A

Diphtheria

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2
Q

Typically causes a sore throat fever swollen glands and weakness

A

Diphteria

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3
Q

What is the hallmark sign of diphteria

A

Sheet of thick, gray material covering the back of throat

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4
Q

Incubation period of diphtheria

A

2 to 5 days (range 1 to 10 days)

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5
Q

What is the causative agent of diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphteria

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6
Q

What is the vaccination of diphtheria

A

Diphtheria toxoid combined with tetanus and pertussis vaccines (DTP)

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7
Q

Diphtheria spreads how

A

From person to person usually through the respiratory droplets. A person can also get the barrier by coming in contact with an object like a toy that has the bacteria that causes diphtheria on it

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8
Q

It is essential to confirm the diagnosis of diphtheria

A

Bacteriologic culturing

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9
Q

Where is this specimen obtain from the person

A

From the nose and throat (nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal swab)

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10
Q

When does designing symptoms usually begin with diphtheria

A

Usually begin 2 to 5 days after a person becomes infected

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of diphtheria

A

Sore throat and hoarseness
Swollen glands on neck
Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
nasal discharge
malaise fever and chills

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12
Q

Second type of bacteria that can affect the skin causing the typical redness and swelling associated with other bacterial skin infections

A

Skin (cutaneous) diphtheria

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13
Q

What also may develop in cutaneous diphtheria

A

Ulcers covered by a gray membrane

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14
Q

C. diphteriae spreads via 3 routes

A

Airborne droplets
contaminated personal items contaminated household items

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15
Q

People who are at increased risk of contracting bacteria

A

Children and adults who don’t have up-to-date immunizations
People living in crowded or unsanitary conditions
Anyone who travels to an area where diphtheria is endemic

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16
Q

If left untreated diphteria can lead to

A

Breathing problems
heart damage
nerve damage

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17
Q

What are the treatment of diphtheria

A

Antitoxin and antibiotics

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18
Q

The ______ injected into a vein or muscle neutralizes the diphtheria toxin already circulating in the body

A

Antitoxin

19
Q

Before giving an anti-toxin what should the doctor do

A

Doctors may perform skin allergy test to make sure that the infected person doesn’t have an allergy to the antitoxin. Doctors accomplish this by initially giving small doses of the antitoxin and then gradually increasing the dosage

20
Q

What are the example of antibiotics that can treat diphtheria

A

Penicillin or erythromycin

21
Q

It helps kill bacteria in the body clearing up infections

A

Antibiotics

22
Q

Reduce to just a few days the length of time that a person with diphtheria is contagious

A

Antibiotics

23
Q

Is a bacterial infection that can make your throat feel sore and scratchy

A

Strep throat (streptococcal sore throat)

24
Q

Strep throat accounts for only what portion of sore throats?

A

Small

25
Q

What is the causative agent of strep throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

26
Q

Which are also called group A streptococcus or group A strep cause acute pharyngitis known as strep throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

27
Q

What is the incubation period of group A strep pharyngitis

A

Approximately 2 to 5 days

28
Q

Group A strip pharyngitis is most commonly spread through

A

Through direct person to person transmission. Typically the transmission occurs through saliva or nasal secretions from an infected person

29
Q

Who are the primary reservoir for group A strep

A

Humans. There is no evidence to indicate that pets can transmit the bacteria to humans

30
Q

What are the test that you should be done with strep throat

A

Rapid antigen test and throat culture

31
Q

Rapid antigen test

A

This desk can detect the bacteria in minutes by looking for substances in the throat.

32
Q

A sterile swab is rubbed over the back of the throat and tonsils to get a sample of the secretion. It is not painful but it may cause gagging

A

Throat culture

33
Q

When does it take to get the throat culture sample results

A

It can take as long as 2 days

34
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of strep throat

A

Throat pain that usually comes on quickly
painful swallowing
red and swollen tonsils
swollen lymph nodes
fever
headache
rash
nausea or vomiting
body aches

35
Q

If untreated strep throat can cause complications such as

A

Kidney inflammation or rheumatic fever

36
Q

It can lead to painful and inflamed joints a specific type of fresh or heart valve damage

A

Rheumatic fever

37
Q

Step infection may lead to inflammatory illnesses including

A

Scarlet fever
inflammation of the kidney
rheumatic fever
post streptococcal
reactive arthritis

38
Q

It is a steptococcal infection characterized by a prominent rash

A

Scarlet fever

39
Q

What is the other name of inflammation of the kidney

A

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

40
Q

A serious inflammatory condition that can affect the heart joints and nervous systems and skin

A

Rheumatic fever

41
Q

A condition that causes inflammation of the joints

A

Post streptococcal reactive arthritis

42
Q

What are the antibiotics to treat strep throat

A

Penicillin or amoxicillin (amoxil)

43
Q

If anyibiotic is taken within ___ hours of the onset of the illness antibiotics reduce the duration and severity of symptoms as well as the ris

A

48

44
Q

What are the top choices because they are safer inexpensive and they work well on strep bacteria

A

Penicillin or amoxicillin

Microbiology (13 decks)

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