. Flashcards
Is developed after you receive antibodies from someone or somewhere else
Passive acquired immunity
It’s when you receive antibodies produce outside the body rather than by your own immune system
Passive acquired immunity
During intrauterine life transmission of antibodies from the mother to the fetus can occur through the
Placenta - Natural Passive immunity
What is the antibody for placentas
IgG
Colostrum contains secretory ______ which are not destroyed by the poorly developed digestive systems
IgA and IgM
It occurs when infant receive antibodies from their mothers
Natural passive acquired immunity
Are examples of how maternal antibodies are passed on to babies before and after their birth
The mother’s placenta and breast milk
Refers to the original productions of antibodies in some other individuals in the acquisition of this antibodies through the parenteral route
Artificial passive acquired immunity
This antibody containing preparation is called an
Antiserum
Give me examples of artificial passive immunity
Rabies vaccine and snake anti-Venom
Immunity develop after being exposed to an infection or from getting a vaccine
Active immunity
Antibodies made after exposure to an infection
Natural active acquired immunity
Antibodies made after getting a vaccination
Artificial active acquired immunity
Immunity you acquire from someone or something else
Passive acquired immunity
Antibodies transmitted from mother to baby example is mother’s milk
Natural passive acquired immunity
Antibodies acquired from an immune serum medicine
Artificial passive acquired immunity
Are a major factor in phagocytic specific defense
Phagocytic cells
The tissue factors may be divided into two
Humoral factors and cellular factors
What are the eight humoral factors
Lysozyme, properdin, beta lysin, and basic polypeptides, c reactive proteins, bactericidin, complement, non specific hyaluronidase inhibitors
A bactericidal enzyme found in nasal and intestinal secretion, seminal fluid and lacrimal secretion
Lysozyme
A euglobulin present in normal serum. It is not an antibody and its level remains constant in newborn and elderly individuals in both sexes
Properdin
A relatively thermostat will stop stances active against anthrax bacillus. it is liberated from platelets during clotting
Beta lysin
Are bacteri kiddle substances active at high pH 7-8 they act upon cell walls causing cell disintegration
Basic polypeptides
What are the three cellular factors
Phagocytosis, inflammatory response, and Fever
Natural defense against invasion of blood and tissues by bacteria or other foreign particles is mediated by phagocytic cells which ingest and destroy them
Phagocytosis
A complex series of events that is a part of the response of all multicellular organisms to the introduction into their tissues of living and non-living foreign agents
Inflammatory response
Is the process by which cells engulf and digest particles
Phagocytosis
There are five cardinal signs of acute inflammation
Redness
swelling
pain
heat
loss of function
Redness physiological rationale
Rubor - increase blood flow
Swelling physiological rationale
Tumor - exudation of fluid
Heat physiological rationale
Calor - increased blood flow
Pain physiological rationale
Dolor - Stretching of pain receptors and nerves
Loss of function physiological rationality
Functio laesa - pain, disruption of tissue structure
A natural defense mechanism
Fever
It may actually destroy the infecting organism
Fe fever
Stimulates the production of interferon and helps in recovery from virus infections
Fever
Stimulation of production of a group of substances is called
Colony stimulating factor CSF
Are a group of plasma proteins that serves as non-specific host resistance of factors and may also function to aid tissue repair
Induction of acute phase reactants
Immunity based on antibodies
Humoral immunity
Produced by a b subset of lymphocytes
Humoral immunity
The most formidable type of immunity
Humoral immunity
What are the key features of adaptive humoral immunity
Antigen specificity
clonal selection
clonal expansion
clonal suppression and formation of memory cells
antibodies
A complex process that is based mainly upon thymus dependent lymphocytes called Tcells
Cell mediated immunity
Protects against intracellular microorganisms such as viruses and is important in the rejection of organ transplants and tumor cells
Cell mediated immunity
Two subpopulation of t cells
T helper cells and T cytotoxic cells
A type of T cells that provides help to other cells in the immune response by recognizing foreign antigens and secreting cytokinesis that activate t and b cells
Helper T cells
Antigens are presented by macrophages debdritic cells and neutrophils
Helper T cells
Secret cytokinesis the regulate other cells in the immune system and present antigens to b cells
Helper T cells
A type of immune cell that can kill certain cells including foreign cells cancer cells and cells infected with a virus
Cytotoxic T cells
Antigens are presented by virus infected cells and tumor cells
Cytotoxic T cells
The specific reactivity induced in hosts by antigenic stimulus may be beneficial harmful or non-reactive
Immune response
To responses of our body to the pathogens
Primary response and secondary response
Initial antigenic stimulus is slow sluggish short-lived with the long lag face and low antibody deter that does not persist for a long time
Primary response
Primary immune response and antigenic stimulus
Latent period
Rise in titer of serum antibody
steady state of antibody titer
decline of antibody titer
This response only for IgM antibody
Primary response
Is prompt powerful prolonged in with much higher levels of antibody it lasts for a long time
Secondary response
This response formed are what antibodies
IgG
If a vaccinated person encounters infection later in life the memory b cells and T cells fight off the infection rapidly and in heightened response thus giving ______
Protection
In some vaccine the blank does not provide needed immunity and that immunity may begin to wear off after a certain period
First dose or the primary response
These non specific substance appear in the blood of a person with tissue necrosis and inflammation
C reactive proteins
Play an important role in the resolution of inflammatory response
C reactive proteins
A non specific serum factor active against neisseria streptococcus hemolyticus
Bactericidin
A thermostable substance present in serum and tissue fluid. It enhances phagocytosis and kills most gram negative bacteria
Complement
Heat liable and require magnesium ions for their activity
Non specific hyaluronidase inhibitors
