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Mags Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

It Is A Serious Infection Of The Brain And Spinal Column That Can Occur In People Living With HIV

A

Cryptococcus meningitis

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2
Q

It is a very common in the environment and can be found in soil and in bird droppings

A

Cryptococcus meningitis

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3
Q

What is the causative agent of cryptococcus meningitis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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4
Q

What is the incubation period of cryptococcus meningitis

A

Median time of 6 months (extremes 2 weeks to 2 years)

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5
Q

How does cryptococcus meningitis transmitted

A

It is not from person to person but transmitted when they inhale soil particles contaminated by bird droppings

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6
Q

What is the vaccine for cryptococcus meningitis

A

No vaccine

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7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cryptococcus meningitis

A

Headache
nausea
vomiting
mental changes
lethargy

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8
Q

What is the diagnostic test of cryptococcus meningitis

A

Blood test and cerebrospinal fluid sample

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9
Q

What is the treatment for cryptococcus meningitis

A

Amphotericin b and fluconazole

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10
Q

It is a microscopic free living amoeba that can cause rare but severe infection of the eye skin and central nervous system

A

Acanthamoeba

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11
Q

It is a single cell living organism

A

Amoeba

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12
Q

What is the positive agent of acanthamoeba

A

Acanthamoeba keratitis

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13
Q

Incubation period of acanthamoeba

A

Several days to several weeks

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14
Q

What is the mode transmission of acanthamoeba

A

Inhalation of cyst and trophozoites carried by the wind through the respiratory tract

ImProper contact lens care practices

Direct skin contact by traumatic injection or entry through pre-existing wounds

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15
Q

What is the vaccine for acanthamoeba

A

No vaccine

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of acanthamoeba

A

Eye pain
eye redness
blurred vision
sensitivity to light
sensation of something in the eye excessive tearing

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17
Q

The diagnostic test of acanthamoeba

A

Confocal microscopy

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18
Q

Diagnosed by an eye specialist based on symptoms growth of the amoeba from a scraping of the eye and or seeing the amoeba by a process called

A

Confocal microscopy

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19
Q

What is the treatment for acanthamoeba

A

Combination of chlorhexidine (0.02%) and polyhexamethylene beguanide (PHMB, 0.02%)

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20
Q

It is an amoeba commonly found in warm fresh water and soil

A

Naeglaria

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21
Q

The causative agent of naegleria is

A

Naegleria fowleri

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22
Q

What is the meaning of PAM

A

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

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23
Q

The incubation period of naegleria is

A

2 to 3 days to as long as 7 to 15 days

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24
Q

What is the mode of transmission of naegleria

A

Water containing the amoeba enters the body through the nose this typically occurs when people go swimming or diving in warm fresh water places like lakes and rivers

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25
Q

What is the vaccine for naegleria

A

No vaccine

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26
Q

What is the signs and symptoms of naegleria

A

Fever
headache
stiff neck
sensitivity to light
nausea and vomiting
confusion

27
Q

The diagnostic test for naegleria are

A

Naegleria fowleri organisms, nucleic acid, and antigen detected through several spinal fluid biopsy or tissue specimens

28
Q

What are the treatment for naegleria

A

Amphotericin b (inteavenously) and miltefosine (Impavido)

29
Q

It is the most severe neurological complication of infection it is a clinical syndrome characterized by coma and asexual forms of the parasite on peripheral blood smears

A

Cerebral malaria

30
Q

What is the causative agent for cerebral malaria

A

Plasmodium falciparum

31
Q

What is the incubation period for cerebral malaria

A

12 days but it may be as short at 6 to 12 hours in children and none immune person

32
Q

What is the mode of transmission of cerebral malaria

A

It just turned submitted through the right of an infected anopheles mosquito

33
Q

What is the vaccine for cerebral malaria

A

Malaria vaccine (Mosquirix)

34
Q

What is the signs and symptoms for cerebral malaria

A

Fever
headache
body ache
delirium and coma

35
Q

What is the diagnostic test for cerebral malaria

A

Peripheral blood smear stained by Giemsa stain
Rapid diagnostic test (antigen detection test)
PCR

36
Q

What is the treatment for cerebral malaria

A

Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs)

Chloroquine phosphate

37
Q

It is the first line treatment for malaria

A

Artemisinin-based combination therapies

38
Q

There are several different types of ACTs

A

Artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine

39
Q

It is the preferred treatment for any parasite that the sensitive to the drug

A

Chloroquine

40
Q

Is the name of several disease invertebrates caused by parasitic protozoan tripanosomes.

A

Trypanosomiasis

41
Q

What is the causative agent for trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma bruci rhodesiense

42
Q

What is the incubation of period for trypanosomiasis

A

4-8 weeks

43
Q

The incubation period for chaga’s disease is

A

7 to 14 days ( 1-2 weeks)

44
Q

What is the incubation period for trypanosomiasis but transfusion acquired disease

A

20-40 days

45
Q

In humans trypanosomiasis includes two diseases

A

African trypanosomiasis and chagas disease

46
Q

What is the mode of transmission for trypanosomiasis

A

It is transmitted to humans by tse tse fly (glossina genus) bites

47
Q

Sizes symptoms for trypanosomiasis is

A

Fever
headaches
irritability
fatigue
swollen lymph nodes

48
Q

What is the vaccine for trypanosomiasis

A

No vaccine

49
Q

The diagnostic test for trypanosomiasis

A

Body fluid or tissue by microscopy

Lymph node fluid or biopsy of chancre

50
Q

What are the drugs for trypanosomiasis

A

Pentamidine suramin melarsoprol and eflornithine.

Fifth drug nifurtimox

51
Q

Is a parasitic tissue infection caused by larval cyst of the tapeworm taenia solium

A

Cysticercosis

52
Q

The incubation period for cysticercosis

A

3.5 years (10 days - 10 years)

53
Q

What is the motive transmission for cysticercosis

A

Oral fecal route. Eggs are accidentally ingested from contaminated water or vegetables

54
Q

What is the vaccine for cysticercosis

A

No vaccine

55
Q

Signs and symptoms for cysticercosis

A

Nausea and vomiting
headache
abdominal pain
lethargy
confusion
seizure

56
Q

What is the diagnosis of cysticercosis

A

MRI or CT scan if Neuro cysticercosis and
blood test

57
Q

It is a zoonosis caused by an Echinococcus granulosus, and ingesting eggs release through the feces from infected dogs infects human

A

Hydatidosis

58
Q

The positive agent for hydatidosis

A

Echinococcosis
Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm)

59
Q

Incubation period for hydatidosis

A

5 to 15 years

60
Q

What is the mode of transmission for hydatidosis

A

People become infected by ingesting eating eggs of the parasite usually when there is hand to mouth transfer of eggs in dogs feces

61
Q

What is the vaccine for hydatidosis

A

No vaccine

62
Q

What is the signs and symptoms of hydatidosis

A

Stomach upset
diarrhea
swollen abdomen
anemia
weakness
cough

63
Q

What is the diagnosis for hydatidosis

A

Ct scans
ultrasonography
Mri

Serologic test to confirm diagnosis

64
Q

The treatment for hydatidosis

A

Mebendazole albendazole

Albendazole is significantly more effective than mebendazole in the treatment of liver cysts

Microbiology (13 decks)

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