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Micro Unit 2 > Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Microbial Growth Flashcards

1
Q 
Bacterial reproduction is produced through 
Fermentation 
Glycolysis 
Binary fission 
Log phase
A

Binary fission

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2
Q

One cell dives and 2 genetically identical daughter cells is _______

A

Binary fission

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3
Q

Binary fission step 1

A

Bacteria replicates

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4
Q

Binary fission step 2

A

Chromosomes move opposite sides

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5
Q

Binary fission step 3

A

Cell elongates

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6
Q

Binary fission step 4

A

Cell is 2 genetically identical cells

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7
Q

Generation time is consistent of ________ required for population to double

A

Time 2^#

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8
Q

What does the bacterial growth curve demonstrate ?

A

Shows growth over time

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9
Q

What are the 4 basic phases of the bacterial growth curve ?

A
  1. Lag
  2. Log
  3. Stationary
  4. Death/decline
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10
Q

What phase is this…
Period of little/no cell division
Cells are not dormant

A

Lab phase

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11
Q

What phase is this ….
Period of logarithmic growth
Cellular reproduction most active
Generation time = fastest

A

Log phase

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12
Q

What phase Is this …..
Growth rate slows
Number of deaths = number of new cells Population approaches carrying capacity

A

Stationary phase

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13
Q

Definition : maximum population an

environment can support

A

Carrying capacity

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14
Q 
What phase is this....
Population exceeds carrying
capacity 
Number of deaths > number of new
cells
A

Death/decline

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15
Q

What are the two growth requirements

A

Physical & Chemical

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16
Q

What are the physical growth requirements

A

Temperature
pH
Osmotic pressure

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17
Q

lowest temperature org. will grow

A

Minimum growth temp

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18
Q

highest temperature org will grow

A

Maximum growth temperature

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19
Q

temperature at which org grows best

A

Optimum growth temperature

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20
Q

What are the three optimum temperatures microbes are classified in

A

Psychrophiles
Mesophiles
Thermophiles

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21
Q 
What temperature class is this: 
Cold-loving microbes 
Can grow at \_\_\_\_\_\_ C 
Fridge = 4C 
Possibility of growing in fridge
A

Psychrophiles

0C

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22
Q

What are two classes of psychrophiles?

A

True psychrophiles

Psychrotrophs

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23
Q 
Optimum growth temperature: \_\_\_\_\_C 
Locations:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Polar regions
Glaciers 
Rarely cause problems in food preservation
A

True Psychrophiles

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24
Q

What class of psychrophiles is this :
Optimum growth temperature: __________C, but capable of growing at _____C
Most likely to be encountered in food spoilage

A

Psychrotrophs
20-30C
0C

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25
Q

What type of psychrophiles class is this:
Optimum growth temperature: ___________c Locations:
Animals
Pants
Water
Most pathogens =__________________
Optimum temperature for most pathogens: ____

A

20-45C
Most pathogen: mesophiles
37c

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26
Q 
What temperature class is this: 
Heat-loving microbes 
Optimum growth temperature: 
Locations: hot springs,  
Many can’t grow below 45oC
A

45-80C

Thermophiles

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27
Q

What class of temperature is this:
Optimum growth temperature:
Locations: hot springs, deep sea
hydrothermal vents

A

Hyper thermophiles

80 C or above

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28
Q

Most bacteria grow best in______ ph range

A

7

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29
Q

Bacteria classified below 6ph

A

Acidophiles

30
Q

Bacteria classified 6.5-7.5ph

A

Neutrophiles

31
Q

Bacteria classified above 8ph

A

Alkilophile

32
Q

solute concentration inside
cell = solute concentration outside cell
Most cells prefer

A

Isotonic enviorment

33
Q

solute concentration is higher

outside cell->water leaves cell -> plasmolysis

A

Hypertonic environment

34
Q

solute concentration is less outside cell ->water enters cell -> lysis

A

Hypotonic environment

35
Q

Salt loving microbes

A

Halophiles

36
Q

Require salt

A

Obligate halophiles:

37
Q

don’t require salt, but can tgrow in 2 – 15% salt

A

Facultative halophiles

38
Q

Chemical growth requirements (4)

A

Essential nutrients
Trace elements
Organic growth factors
Oxygen

39
Q

Required for org to survive

A

Essential Nutrients

40
Q

What are the essential nutrients for survive

A

Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur

41
Q

Backbone for all organic compounds in a cell

42
Q

carbon sources = organic
(carbohydrates, proteins, lipids)

Dependent on other life forms

A

Heterotrophs

43
Q

carbon source = inorganic (CO2)
Can convert CO2 -> organic carbon
Not dependent on other life forms

44
Q

Required for:
Protein synthesis
DNA and RNA synthesis
ATP synthesis

45
Q

Main source of nitrogen is

A

Nitrogen gas

46
Q

Required for:
DNA/RNA synthesis
ATP synthesis
Synthesis of phospholipids

A

Phosphorus

47
Q

Main source of phosphorus

48
Q

Required for:
Synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids
Methionine, cysteine
Synthesis of sulfur-containing vitamins

49
Q

Main source of sulfur

A

Rocks and sediments

50
Q

Required in small amounts
Include: iron, ______ , zinc
Most used as cofactors

A

Trace elements

copper

51
Q

Organic growth factors :
Essential organic compounds org is incapable of
making ?

A

Vitamins

Amino acids

52
Q

What are the two classes of microbes based on oxygen

A

Aerobe and anaerobes

53
Q

__________ utilize O2

Two type of classes

A

Aerobes

  • > obligate aerobes
  • > microaerophiles
54
Q

______________ don’t utilize O2

  • > obligate anaerobes
  • > ___________________
  • > facultative _______
55
Q

To grow in oxygen Presence cells need to get rid of

56
Q

Oxygen detoxification SOD and Catalase are produced by

A

Aerobes, facultative anaerobes and aero tolerant orgs

57
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Require oxygen

58
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Prefer low oxygen, high CO2

59
Q

Capnophile:

A

CO2-loving microbes

60
Q

Slimy layer of bacteria adhering to a surface

61
Q

Biofilm composed of ?

A 
Many bacterial cells
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
Usually polysaccharides + proteins 
Secreted by bacterial cells 
Provides biofilm structure
62
Q

Biofilm common in ?

63
Q

What type of communication do biofilm have?

A

Quorum sensing

64
Q

What is Quorum Sensing .

A

Bacterial response to population density

65
Q

Quorum Sensing Process

A
  1. QS bacteria produce autoinducers—released into environment
  2. Autoinducer level increases  reaches minimal threshold
  3. Change in proteins produced
66
Q

What are the process regulated by Quorum Sensing ?

A

Production of EPS for biofilm formation,antibiotic production, motility, etc.

67
Q

Biofilm formation

A
  1. )Free-swimming (planktonic) bacteria attach to surface
  2. Cells in aggregate divide
  3. Aggregate reaches certain size—> EPS produced
  4. Mature biofilm
  5. Parts can disperse—>release planktonic bacteria —> further colonization
68
Q

Advantages of biofilm

A

Can share nutrients
Sheltered from harmful substances
(Antibiotics, UV, disinfectants, immune system, etc.)
Easy to exchange genetic material

69
Q

Biofilm and Human Health

A

Can colonize medical devices—catheters, heart
valves, etc.
Pathogens in biofilms
Many hospital-acquired infections are linked to
biofilms
Bacteria in biofilms are ~1,000X more resistant to
microbicides

70
Q

What is used to prevent biofilm formation

A

Anti-adhesion coating
Antimicrobial coatings on surfaces
(Antibiotics & Heavy metal silver)
Lactoferrin

Micro Unit 2 (7 decks)

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