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Micro Unit 2 > Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Microbial Growth Flashcards

1
Q 
Bacterial reproduction is produced through 
Fermentation 
Glycolysis 
Binary fission 
Log phase
A

Binary fission

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2
Q

One cell dives and 2 genetically identical daughter cells is _______

A

Binary fission

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3
Q

Binary fission step 1

A

Bacteria replicates

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4
Q

Binary fission step 2

A

Chromosomes move opposite sides

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5
Q

Binary fission step 3

A

Cell elongates

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6
Q

Binary fission step 4

A

Cell is 2 genetically identical cells

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7
Q

Generation time is consistent of ________ required for population to double

A

Time 2^#

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8
Q

What does the bacterial growth curve demonstrate ?

A

Shows growth over time

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9
Q

What are the 4 basic phases of the bacterial growth curve ?

A
  1. Lag
  2. Log
  3. Stationary
  4. Death/decline
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10
Q

What phase is this…
Period of little/no cell division
Cells are not dormant

A

Lab phase

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11
Q

What phase is this ….
Period of logarithmic growth
Cellular reproduction most active
Generation time = fastest

A

Log phase

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12
Q

What phase Is this …..
Growth rate slows
Number of deaths = number of new cells Population approaches carrying capacity

A

Stationary phase

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13
Q

Definition : maximum population an

environment can support

A

Carrying capacity

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14
Q 
What phase is this....
Population exceeds carrying
capacity 
Number of deaths > number of new
cells
A

Death/decline

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15
Q

What are the two growth requirements

A

Physical & Chemical

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16
Q

What are the physical growth requirements

A

Temperature
pH
Osmotic pressure

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17
Q

lowest temperature org. will grow

A

Minimum growth temp

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18
Q

highest temperature org will grow

A

Maximum growth temperature

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19
Q

temperature at which org grows best

A

Optimum growth temperature

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20
Q

What are the three optimum temperatures microbes are classified in

A

Psychrophiles
Mesophiles
Thermophiles

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21
Q 
What temperature class is this: 
Cold-loving microbes 
Can grow at \_\_\_\_\_\_ C 
Fridge = 4C 
Possibility of growing in fridge
A

Psychrophiles

0C

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22
Q

What are two classes of psychrophiles?

A

True psychrophiles

Psychrotrophs

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23
Q 
Optimum growth temperature: \_\_\_\_\_C 
Locations:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Polar regions
Glaciers 
Rarely cause problems in food preservation
A

True Psychrophiles

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24
Q

What class of psychrophiles is this :
Optimum growth temperature: __________C, but capable of growing at _____C
Most likely to be encountered in food spoilage

A

Psychrotrophs
20-30C
0C

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25
What type of psychrophiles class is this: Optimum growth temperature: ___________c Locations: Animals Pants Water Most pathogens =__________________ Optimum temperature for most pathogens: ____
20-45C Most pathogen: mesophiles 37c
26
``` What temperature class is this: Heat-loving microbes Optimum growth temperature: Locations: hot springs, Many can’t grow below 45oC ```
45-80C | Thermophiles
27
What class of temperature is this: Optimum growth temperature: Locations: hot springs, deep sea hydrothermal vents
Hyper thermophiles | 80 C or above
28
Most bacteria grow best in______ ph range
7
29
Bacteria classified below 6ph
Acidophiles
30
Bacteria classified 6.5-7.5ph
Neutrophiles
31
Bacteria classified above 8ph
Alkilophile
32
solute concentration inside cell = solute concentration outside cell Most cells prefer
Isotonic enviorment
33
solute concentration is higher | outside cell->water leaves cell -> plasmolysis
Hypertonic environment
34
solute concentration is less outside cell ->water enters cell -> lysis
Hypotonic environment
35
Salt loving microbes
Halophiles
36
Require salt
Obligate halophiles:
37
don’t require salt, but can tgrow in 2 – 15% salt
Facultative halophiles
38
Chemical growth requirements (4)
Essential nutrients Trace elements Organic growth factors Oxygen
39
Required for org to survive
Essential Nutrients
40
What are the essential nutrients for survive
Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur
41
Backbone for all organic compounds in a cell
Carbon
42
carbon sources = organic (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) Dependent on other life forms
Heterotrophs
43
carbon source = inorganic (CO2) Can convert CO2 -> organic carbon Not dependent on other life forms
Autotroph
44
Required for: Protein synthesis DNA and RNA synthesis ATP synthesis
Nitrogen
45
Main source of nitrogen is
Nitrogen gas
46
Required for: DNA/RNA synthesis ATP synthesis Synthesis of phospholipids
Phosphorus
47
Main source of phosphorus
Phosphate
48
Required for: Synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids Methionine, cysteine Synthesis of sulfur-containing vitamins
Sulfur
49
Main source of sulfur
Rocks and sediments
50
Required in small amounts Include: iron, ______ , zinc Most used as cofactors
Trace elements | copper
51
Organic growth factors : Essential organic compounds org is incapable of making ?
Vitamins | Amino acids
52
What are the two classes of microbes based on oxygen
Aerobe and anaerobes
53
__________ utilize O2 | Two type of classes
Aerobes - >obligate aerobes - > microaerophiles
54
______________ don’t utilize O2 - > obligate anaerobes - >___________________ - > facultative _______
Anaerobes
55
To grow in oxygen Presence cells need to get rid of
O2
56
Oxygen detoxification SOD and Catalase are produced by
Aerobes, facultative anaerobes and aero tolerant orgs
57
Obligate aerobes
Require oxygen
58
Microaerophiles
Prefer low oxygen, high CO2
59
Capnophile:
CO2-loving microbes
60
Slimy layer of bacteria adhering to a surface
Biofilm
61
Biofilm composed of ?
``` Many bacterial cells Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) Usually polysaccharides + proteins Secreted by bacterial cells Provides biofilm structure ```
62
Biofilm common in ?
Nature
63
What type of communication do biofilm have?
Quorum sensing
64
What is Quorum Sensing .
Bacterial response to population density
65
Quorum Sensing Process
1. QS bacteria produce autoinducers—released into environment 2. Autoinducer level increases  reaches minimal threshold 3. Change in proteins produced
66
What are the process regulated by Quorum Sensing ?
Production of EPS for biofilm formation,antibiotic production, motility, etc.
67
Biofilm formation
1. )Free-swimming (planktonic) bacteria attach to surface 2. Cells in aggregate divide 3. Aggregate reaches certain size—> EPS produced 4. Mature biofilm 5. Parts can disperse—>release planktonic bacteria —> further colonization
68
Advantages of biofilm
Can share nutrients Sheltered from harmful substances (Antibiotics, UV, disinfectants, immune system, etc.) Easy to exchange genetic material
69
Biofilm and Human Health
Can colonize medical devices—catheters, heart valves, etc. Pathogens in biofilms Many hospital-acquired infections are linked to biofilms Bacteria in biofilms are ~1,000X more resistant to microbicides
70
What is used to prevent biofilm formation
Anti-adhesion coating Antimicrobial coatings on surfaces (Antibiotics & Heavy metal silver) Lactoferrin

Micro Unit 2 (7 decks)

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