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Micro Unit 2 > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is ? = all the chmical reactions in an orgaism

A

Metabloism

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2
Q

What are the two reaction that they can be categorized in?

A

Catabolic and anabolic

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3
Q

What is the breakdown od compounds

A

Catabolism

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4
Q

Because energy is released and compounds are broken down what does thag means for the catabolic reaction?It is _____

A

Exergonic

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5
Q

Catabolic reactions are breaking down compuands that release enegy that are considered exgeronic so the reaction is ?
a. Takes away water moluce
B.adds water molecule
C. Has no water in reactions

A

b. Adds water molecules

break down into smaller parts

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6
Q 
Catabolic reactions provide \_\_\_\_\_\_ for anabolic reactions
a.building blocks and energy 
b. Chemicals 
c. Molecules 
D. Peptides
A

a. Building blocks and energy

anabolic is addding

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7
Q 
During \_\_\_\_\_\_ compounds are built to form one larger moleucle 
Catabolism
Endergonic 
Anabolism 
Exergonic
A

Anabolism

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8
Q

Subunits amino acids come togtehr to form one protein is an example of what type of reaction?

A

Anabolic

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9
Q 
During anabolism you are building compunds and require overall energy. Another term for this is 
a. Anabolism 
b. Endergonic 
C. Exergonic
D. Condesnation
A

Endergonic

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10
Q

Anaboilsm is consistent of endergonic reactions that are usually condensation reaction that ?

A

Take two or more moleucles interact to produce a compound

Molecule of water produced

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11
Q 
Anabolic reactions are anabolism that are building compounds, require energy and are typically condensation reactions they also \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for cell growth 
a. Shrink 
d. Die 
C. Generate material 
D loose material
A

Generate material

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12
Q

Inside of all cells ______ is the principal energy carrier molecule

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

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13
Q

Since catabolic release energy that energy is stored in ?

A

Atp

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14
Q

During anabolic reactions they require energy so the enegry comes from ?

A

ATP

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15
Q

Within the ATP there is adenine and ribose that build ?

A

Adenosine

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16
Q

The 3 phosphate groups attached to the adenosine create

A

Overall ATP

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17
Q

When forming an ATP molecule you have adenosine diphosphate ________

A

Phosphorylated

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18
Q

What does phosphorylated mean?

A

Add a phospahte

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19
Q

What is require to form ATP.

It starts are diphosphate so we phosphorylate

A

ADP +Pi ( inorganic phosphate ) + energy

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20
Q

When forming ATP molecule where is the energy stored?

A

Stored in the new phosphate bond ( phosphate that was added)

Aka high energy bond

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21
Q

In order to obtain energy from ATP what needs to occur to ATP

A

Hydrolyzed ( add water)

To break down

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22
Q

After adding water to form energy from ATP what occurs

ATP + H2O -»»>

A

ADP + Pi (in orgnijc phsopahte) + energy

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23
Q

What happens to the energy that was used to create ATP

A

It is left over

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24
Q

In ATP coupling anabolic rxn reuqire energy —couple w/

A

Couple w/ ATP hydrolysis

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25
Q

In ATP coupling catabolic reactions release energy — couple w/

A

Couple with ATP synthesis

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26
Q 
The energy required for a chemical reaction to occur is called 
a. Reaction rate 
B. Activation energy 
C. substrate 
D. Catalyst
A

Activation energy

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27
Q 
The speed at which reaction occurs 
a. Activation energy 
b. Substrate 
C. Reaction rate 
D. Catalyst
A

Reaction rate

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28
Q 
The starting material ( reactants) 
A. Reactant 
B. Substrate 
C. Catalyst 
D reaction rate
A

Substrate

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29
Q

Substance that helps speed up reactions
A, catalyst
B. Substrate
C. Activation

A

Catalyst

30
Q

What is able to speed up chemical ran and not change at all

A

Catalyst

31
Q 
What is a biological catalyst  ?
a. Catalyst
B. Enzyme 
C. Substrate 
D. Energy
A

Enzyme

32
Q

______ is always proteins and convert substrate into a product

A

Enzym

33
Q

In order to convert a substate into a product what happens

A

1) substrate binds to the enzyme
2) process at the active site by binding
3) create the product

34
Q

Ezymes are _________ only recognize one substrate

A

Specific ;( one enzyem per substrate )

35
Q

What is the part of the enzyme that reacts with substrate

A

Active site

Give specificity

36
Q

Enzymes speed up chemcial rxn by ?

A

Lowering activation energy

37
Q

If activation energy high chemcial rxn ?

A

Unlikely

38
Q

Activation energy low, then chemical rxn ?

A

More likely to proceed

39
Q

What is the protein portion of and enzyme

A

Apoenzyme

40
Q

By itself apoenzme is _______ and must be activated by a cofactor

A

Inactive

41
Q

The nonprotein component is the _____

a. Apoenzyme
b. Cofactor
c. Holoenzyme
d. Enzyme

A

Cofactor

42
Q

Apoenzyme + cofactor create ?
a. Enzyme
B. Inactivity
C. Holoenzyme

A

Holoenzyme

43
Q 
Enzymes are sythesized in the ? 
A. Ribosomes 
B. Cytoplasm 
C. Protein 
D. Cell
A

Cell ( specifically on the ribosomes)

44
Q

What enzyme functon inside the cell ?

A

Endoenzyme ( catalyze rxn inside cell)

45
Q

In enzymes what functions outside the cell ?

A

Exoenzymes ( catalyze rxn occuring outside of cell)

46
Q

What is step one of the enzyme action sequence ( think parking)

A

Specific part of substrate contacts enzyme’s active site

47
Q

Step 2 of a enzyme action sequence (formation)

A

Enzyme substrate complex formation

48
Q

Step 3 of enzyme action sequence (transform)

A

Substrate is transformed

49
Q

Step 4 of the enzyme action sequence ( release)

A

Transformed substrate released from enzyme

50
Q

5th step in enzyme action sequence (think recyle)

A

Enzyme can react with other substartes

51
Q

During enzyme denaturation it changes the shape of enzymes site——-( reaulting in )

A

Enzyme no longer functioning

Occurs under variety of enviormental conditions

52
Q

What can influence enzyme activity ?

A

Tempature, pH, Substrate concentration, inhibitors

53
Q

Enzymes in cold temp. Cause moleucles to ?

A

Move slowly

54
Q

Enzymes in warm temp. Cause molecules to ?

A

Move more quickly

55
Q

Enzymes in increasing tempature cause?

A

Increasing reaction rate

56
Q

Increasing temp. Too much with enzymes can ?

A

Denature enzyme

57
Q

Tempature at which enzyme works best ?

A

Optimal tempature.

58
Q

The pH at which an enzyme works best ?

A

Optimal pH

59
Q

What there are extreme pH changes what happens to the enzyme ?

A

Denaturation

60
Q

In subsrate concentration when adding more substrate what happens?

A

An increased reaction rate

61
Q

In _______ all enzymes are bound to a substarte

A

Saturation

62
Q

Once all enzymes are saturated adding more substates will not ?

A

Increase reaction rate

63
Q

______ will combine with enzymes and prevent them from functioning

A

Inhibitors

64
Q

What are the type types of inhibitors

A

Cometitive and non competitive

65
Q

What inhibitors bind to enzyme active site ——> substrate not bind

A

Competitive inhibitor

66
Q

What type of inhibitor has

  • similar shape/ structure to substrate
  • Bind reversibly or irreversibly
A

Competitive Inhibitor

67
Q

What type of inhibitor binds to the enzymes allosteric site ( any site other then the active site)

A

Noncompetitive

68
Q

Any site other than active site

A

Allosteric site

69
Q

Bidning of noncompetitve results in ?

A

Chnage in shape of active site

70
Q

A _____ inhibitor can bind reversaible or irreverisble

A

Noncompetitive

71
Q

Some oathogens secrete exoenxymes that cause pathogen to be more _____

A

Virulent (more severe disease)

72
Q

What is an example of the pathogen that secretes exoenzymes ?

A

Streptococcus pyogenus

Micro Unit 2 (7 decks)

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