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Micro Unit 2 > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is ? = all the chmical reactions in an orgaism

A

Metabloism

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2
Q

What are the two reaction that they can be categorized in?

A

Catabolic and anabolic

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3
Q

What is the breakdown od compounds

A

Catabolism

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4
Q

Because energy is released and compounds are broken down what does thag means for the catabolic reaction?It is _____

A

Exergonic

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5
Q

Catabolic reactions are breaking down compuands that release enegy that are considered exgeronic so the reaction is ?
a. Takes away water moluce
B.adds water molecule
C. Has no water in reactions

A

b. Adds water molecules

break down into smaller parts

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6
Q 
Catabolic reactions provide \_\_\_\_\_\_ for anabolic reactions
a.building blocks and energy 
b. Chemicals 
c. Molecules 
D. Peptides
A

a. Building blocks and energy

anabolic is addding

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7
Q 
During \_\_\_\_\_\_ compounds are built to form one larger moleucle 
Catabolism
Endergonic 
Anabolism 
Exergonic
A

Anabolism

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8
Q

Subunits amino acids come togtehr to form one protein is an example of what type of reaction?

A

Anabolic

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9
Q 
During anabolism you are building compunds and require overall energy. Another term for this is 
a. Anabolism 
b. Endergonic 
C. Exergonic
D. Condesnation
A

Endergonic

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10
Q

Anaboilsm is consistent of endergonic reactions that are usually condensation reaction that ?

A

Take two or more moleucles interact to produce a compound

Molecule of water produced

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11
Q 
Anabolic reactions are anabolism that are building compounds, require energy and are typically condensation reactions they also \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for cell growth 
a. Shrink 
d. Die 
C. Generate material 
D loose material
A

Generate material

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12
Q

Inside of all cells ______ is the principal energy carrier molecule

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

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13
Q

Since catabolic release energy that energy is stored in ?

A

Atp

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14
Q

During anabolic reactions they require energy so the enegry comes from ?

A

ATP

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15
Q

Within the ATP there is adenine and ribose that build ?

A

Adenosine

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16
Q

The 3 phosphate groups attached to the adenosine create

A

Overall ATP

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17
Q

When forming an ATP molecule you have adenosine diphosphate ________

A

Phosphorylated

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18
Q

What does phosphorylated mean?

A

Add a phospahte

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19
Q

What is require to form ATP.

It starts are diphosphate so we phosphorylate

A

ADP +Pi ( inorganic phosphate ) + energy

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20
Q

When forming ATP molecule where is the energy stored?

A

Stored in the new phosphate bond ( phosphate that was added)

Aka high energy bond

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21
Q

In order to obtain energy from ATP what needs to occur to ATP

A

Hydrolyzed ( add water)

To break down

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22
Q

After adding water to form energy from ATP what occurs

ATP + H2O -»»>

A

ADP + Pi (in orgnijc phsopahte) + energy

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23
Q

What happens to the energy that was used to create ATP

A

It is left over

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24
Q

In ATP coupling anabolic rxn reuqire energy —couple w/

A

Couple w/ ATP hydrolysis

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25
In ATP coupling catabolic reactions release energy — couple w/
Couple with ATP synthesis
26
``` The energy required for a chemical reaction to occur is called a. Reaction rate B. Activation energy C. substrate D. Catalyst ```
Activation energy
27
``` The speed at which reaction occurs a. Activation energy b. Substrate C. Reaction rate D. Catalyst ```
Reaction rate
28
``` The starting material ( reactants) A. Reactant B. Substrate C. Catalyst D reaction rate ```
Substrate
29
Substance that helps speed up reactions A, catalyst B. Substrate C. Activation
Catalyst
30
What is able to speed up chemical ran and not change at all
Catalyst
31
``` What is a biological catalyst ? a. Catalyst B. Enzyme C. Substrate D. Energy ```
Enzyme
32
______ is always proteins and convert substrate into a product
Enzym
33
In order to convert a substate into a product what happens
1) substrate binds to the enzyme 2) process at the active site by binding 3) create the product
34
Ezymes are _________ only recognize one substrate
Specific ;( one enzyem per substrate )
35
What is the part of the enzyme that reacts with substrate
Active site | Give specificity
36
Enzymes speed up chemcial rxn by ?
Lowering activation energy
37
If activation energy high chemcial rxn ?
Unlikely
38
Activation energy low, then chemical rxn ?
More likely to proceed
39
What is the protein portion of and enzyme
Apoenzyme
40
By itself apoenzme is _______ and must be activated by a cofactor
Inactive
41
The nonprotein component is the _____ a. Apoenzyme b. Cofactor c. Holoenzyme d. Enzyme
Cofactor
42
Apoenzyme + cofactor create ? a. Enzyme B. Inactivity C. Holoenzyme
Holoenzyme
43
``` Enzymes are sythesized in the ? A. Ribosomes B. Cytoplasm C. Protein D. Cell ```
Cell ( specifically on the ribosomes)
44
What enzyme functon inside the cell ?
Endoenzyme ( catalyze rxn inside cell)
45
In enzymes what functions outside the cell ?
Exoenzymes ( catalyze rxn occuring outside of cell)
46
What is step one of the enzyme action sequence ( think parking)
Specific part of substrate contacts enzyme’s active site
47
Step 2 of a enzyme action sequence (formation)
Enzyme substrate complex formation
48
Step 3 of enzyme action sequence (transform)
Substrate is transformed
49
Step 4 of the enzyme action sequence ( release)
Transformed substrate released from enzyme
50
5th step in enzyme action sequence (think recyle)
Enzyme can react with other substartes
51
During enzyme denaturation it changes the shape of enzymes site——-( reaulting in )
Enzyme no longer functioning | Occurs under variety of enviormental conditions
52
What can influence enzyme activity ?
Tempature, pH, Substrate concentration, inhibitors
53
Enzymes in cold temp. Cause moleucles to ?
Move slowly
54
Enzymes in warm temp. Cause molecules to ?
Move more quickly
55
Enzymes in increasing tempature cause?
Increasing reaction rate
56
Increasing temp. Too much with enzymes can ?
Denature enzyme
57
Tempature at which enzyme works best ?
Optimal tempature.
58
The pH at which an enzyme works best ?
Optimal pH
59
What there are extreme pH changes what happens to the enzyme ?
Denaturation
60
In subsrate concentration when adding more substrate what happens?
An increased reaction rate
61
In _______ all enzymes are bound to a substarte
Saturation
62
Once all enzymes are saturated adding more substates will not ?
Increase reaction rate
63
______ will combine with enzymes and prevent them from functioning
Inhibitors
64
What are the type types of inhibitors
Cometitive and non competitive
65
What inhibitors bind to enzyme active site ——> substrate not bind
Competitive inhibitor
66
What type of inhibitor has - similar shape/ structure to substrate - Bind reversibly or irreversibly
Competitive Inhibitor
67
What type of inhibitor binds to the enzymes allosteric site ( any site other then the active site)
Noncompetitive
68
Any site other than active site
Allosteric site
69
Bidning of noncompetitve results in ?
Chnage in shape of active site
70
A _____ inhibitor can bind reversaible or irreverisble
Noncompetitive
71
Some oathogens secrete exoenxymes that cause pathogen to be more _____
Virulent (more severe disease)
72
What is an example of the pathogen that secretes exoenzymes ?
Streptococcus pyogenus

Micro Unit 2 (7 decks)

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