Metabolism Flashcards
What is ? = all the chmical reactions in an orgaism
Metabloism
What are the two reaction that they can be categorized in?
Catabolic and anabolic
What is the breakdown od compounds
Catabolism
Because energy is released and compounds are broken down what does thag means for the catabolic reaction?It is _____
Exergonic
Catabolic reactions are breaking down compuands that release enegy that are considered exgeronic so the reaction is ?
a. Takes away water moluce
B.adds water molecule
C. Has no water in reactions
b. Adds water molecules
break down into smaller parts
Catabolic reactions provide \_\_\_\_\_\_ for anabolic reactions a.building blocks and energy b. Chemicals c. Molecules D. Peptides
a. Building blocks and energy
anabolic is addding
During \_\_\_\_\_\_ compounds are built to form one larger moleucle Catabolism Endergonic Anabolism Exergonic
Anabolism
Subunits amino acids come togtehr to form one protein is an example of what type of reaction?
Anabolic
During anabolism you are building compunds and require overall energy. Another term for this is a. Anabolism b. Endergonic C. Exergonic D. Condesnation
Endergonic
Anaboilsm is consistent of endergonic reactions that are usually condensation reaction that ?
Take two or more moleucles interact to produce a compound
Molecule of water produced
Anabolic reactions are anabolism that are building compounds, require energy and are typically condensation reactions they also \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for cell growth a. Shrink d. Die C. Generate material D loose material
Generate material
Inside of all cells ______ is the principal energy carrier molecule
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Since catabolic release energy that energy is stored in ?
Atp
During anabolic reactions they require energy so the enegry comes from ?
ATP
Within the ATP there is adenine and ribose that build ?
Adenosine
The 3 phosphate groups attached to the adenosine create
Overall ATP
When forming an ATP molecule you have adenosine diphosphate ________
Phosphorylated
What does phosphorylated mean?
Add a phospahte
What is require to form ATP.
It starts are diphosphate so we phosphorylate
ADP +Pi ( inorganic phosphate ) + energy
When forming ATP molecule where is the energy stored?
Stored in the new phosphate bond ( phosphate that was added)
Aka high energy bond
In order to obtain energy from ATP what needs to occur to ATP
Hydrolyzed ( add water)
To break down
After adding water to form energy from ATP what occurs
ATP + H2O -»»>
ADP + Pi (in orgnijc phsopahte) + energy
What happens to the energy that was used to create ATP
It is left over
In ATP coupling anabolic rxn reuqire energy —couple w/
Couple w/ ATP hydrolysis
In ATP coupling catabolic reactions release energy — couple w/
Couple with ATP synthesis
The energy required for a chemical reaction to occur is called a. Reaction rate B. Activation energy C. substrate D. Catalyst
Activation energy
The speed at which reaction occurs a. Activation energy b. Substrate C. Reaction rate D. Catalyst
Reaction rate
The starting material ( reactants) A. Reactant B. Substrate C. Catalyst D reaction rate
Substrate
Substance that helps speed up reactions
A, catalyst
B. Substrate
C. Activation
Catalyst
What is able to speed up chemical ran and not change at all
Catalyst
What is a biological catalyst ? a. Catalyst B. Enzyme C. Substrate D. Energy
Enzyme
______ is always proteins and convert substrate into a product
Enzym
In order to convert a substate into a product what happens
1) substrate binds to the enzyme
2) process at the active site by binding
3) create the product
Ezymes are _________ only recognize one substrate
Specific ;( one enzyem per substrate )
What is the part of the enzyme that reacts with substrate
Active site
Give specificity
Enzymes speed up chemcial rxn by ?
Lowering activation energy
If activation energy high chemcial rxn ?
Unlikely
Activation energy low, then chemical rxn ?
More likely to proceed
What is the protein portion of and enzyme
Apoenzyme
By itself apoenzme is _______ and must be activated by a cofactor
Inactive
The nonprotein component is the _____
a. Apoenzyme
b. Cofactor
c. Holoenzyme
d. Enzyme
Cofactor
Apoenzyme + cofactor create ?
a. Enzyme
B. Inactivity
C. Holoenzyme
Holoenzyme
Enzymes are sythesized in the ? A. Ribosomes B. Cytoplasm C. Protein D. Cell
Cell ( specifically on the ribosomes)
What enzyme functon inside the cell ?
Endoenzyme ( catalyze rxn inside cell)
In enzymes what functions outside the cell ?
Exoenzymes ( catalyze rxn occuring outside of cell)
What is step one of the enzyme action sequence ( think parking)
Specific part of substrate contacts enzyme’s active site
Step 2 of a enzyme action sequence (formation)
Enzyme substrate complex formation
Step 3 of enzyme action sequence (transform)
Substrate is transformed
Step 4 of the enzyme action sequence ( release)
Transformed substrate released from enzyme
5th step in enzyme action sequence (think recyle)
Enzyme can react with other substartes
During enzyme denaturation it changes the shape of enzymes site——-( reaulting in )
Enzyme no longer functioning
Occurs under variety of enviormental conditions
What can influence enzyme activity ?
Tempature, pH, Substrate concentration, inhibitors
Enzymes in cold temp. Cause moleucles to ?
Move slowly
Enzymes in warm temp. Cause molecules to ?
Move more quickly
Enzymes in increasing tempature cause?
Increasing reaction rate
Increasing temp. Too much with enzymes can ?
Denature enzyme
Tempature at which enzyme works best ?
Optimal tempature.
The pH at which an enzyme works best ?
Optimal pH
What there are extreme pH changes what happens to the enzyme ?
Denaturation
In subsrate concentration when adding more substrate what happens?
An increased reaction rate
In _______ all enzymes are bound to a substarte
Saturation
Once all enzymes are saturated adding more substates will not ?
Increase reaction rate
______ will combine with enzymes and prevent them from functioning
Inhibitors
What are the type types of inhibitors
Cometitive and non competitive
What inhibitors bind to enzyme active site ——> substrate not bind
Competitive inhibitor
What type of inhibitor has
- similar shape/ structure to substrate
- Bind reversibly or irreversibly
Competitive Inhibitor
What type of inhibitor binds to the enzymes allosteric site ( any site other then the active site)
Noncompetitive
Any site other than active site
Allosteric site
Bidning of noncompetitve results in ?
Chnage in shape of active site
A _____ inhibitor can bind reversaible or irreverisble
Noncompetitive
Some oathogens secrete exoenxymes that cause pathogen to be more _____
Virulent (more severe disease)
What is an example of the pathogen that secretes exoenzymes ?
Streptococcus pyogenus
