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PID > Microbial Genetics > Flashcards

Microbial Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the building block, nucleotide, composed of?

A
  • Nitrogenous base
  • Five carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
  • Three phosphate groups
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2
Q

Deoxyribose is in ___ and Ribose is in ____.

A

DNA, RNA

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3
Q

What are the five components of nucleic acids?

A 
Purine
Pyrimidines
Sugars
Nucleoside
Nucleotide
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4
Q

True/False. Purines could be adenine or guanine and consist of two joined carbon rings with 5 and 6 members.

A

True.

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5
Q

What are the components of Pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

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6
Q

A ____ has a phosphate added on the 5’ position and _____ has a sugar bound to a purine or pyrimidine base.

A

Nucleotide, Nucleoside

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7
Q

How many carbon rings make up pyrimidines?

A

six

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8
Q

Ture/False. The sugar of a nucleic acid is connected to the nitrogenous base via position 5.

A

False. Its connected via position 1

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9
Q

What connects the nitrogenous base of a nucleic acid to position 1 of the sugar?

A

Glycosidic bond from N1 of pyrimidine and N9 of purine

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10
Q

True/False. A always matches with T in 2 hydrogen bands and G always matches with C in 3 hydrogen bands.

A

True.

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11
Q

From which end is a sequence read from start to finish?

A

5’ to 3’ end

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12
Q

What does the coding or sense strand have the same sequence as?

A

mRNA

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13
Q

The template or antisense strand directs the synthesis of mRNA via ____.

A

Complementary base pairing

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14
Q

What is the first step of DNA replication?

A

The helicases unwind the parental double helix.

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15
Q

True/False. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction by DNA polymerase.

A

True

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16
Q

How is the lagging strand of DNA replication synthesized?

A

Synthesized discontiuously

17
Q

What makes up the Okazaki fragment?

A

Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer which is extended by DNA polymerase

18
Q

What happens after the RNA primer is replaced by another DNA polymerase during replication?

A

DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragment to the growing strand

19
Q

What pairs with Adenine in RNA?

A

Uracil

20
Q

What is the location of both DNA and RNA?

A

DNA - Nuclear location

RNA - Cytoplasmic location

21
Q

True/False. Prokaryotic cells are polycistronic or monotronic and Eukaryotic cells are polycistronic.

A

False. Prokaryotic are only polycistronic and Eukaryotic are polycistronic or monotronic.

22
Q

Single RNA polymerase is a characteristic of _____ cells and RNA polymerase I, II, and III is a characteristic of _____ cells.

A

Prokaryotic cells, Eukaryotic cells

23
Q

There are ___ nucleotides and ___ amino acids in each codon.

A

4 nucleotides and 20 amino acids

24
Q

What changes the sequence of DNA?

A

Mutations

25
Q

Can any base pair of DNA be mutated?

A

Yes

26
Q

How do induced mutation mutagens act directly?

A

By modifying a particular base or being incorporated into the nucleic acid

27
Q

What are silent mutations?

A

Mutations without apparent effect: there can be a base change in DNA without a change in amino acids or there can be a change in amino acids but no function change for protein

28
Q

What occurs in Missense mutation?

A

There is a change in codon, amino acid and protein function

29
Q

___ is a change in a coding codon to a termination codon, resulting in premature termination.

A

Nonsense mutation

30
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

Inserting or deleting number of base pairs other than a multiple of 3

31
Q

What is transformation?

A

Acquisition of new genetic markers by incorporation of added DNA

32
Q

What is the “mating” between two bacteria involving transfer of genetic material?

A

Conjunction

33
Q

_____ is the transfer of bacterial gene from one to another by a phage and ____ is the movement of a genetic material to a new site in the genome.

A

Transduction, Transposition

PID (8 decks)

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