Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Question 1

what are the symptoms of bacterial meningitis?

Answer 1

sudden high fever and meningeal inflammation

Question 2

what meningitis pathogen is acquired during birth?

Answer 2

S Agalactiae

Question 3

what pathogen is present in the throat of 75 percent of humans?

Answer 3

S pneumoniae

Question 4

what should individuals that are at risk for listeriosis avoid?

Answer 4

high risk foods

Question 5

how is bacterial meningitis spread?

Answer 5

respiratory droplets but listeria specifically through contaminated foods

Question 6

how do you treat bacterial meningitis?

Answer 6

with antimicrobial drugs

Question 7

what are the symptoms of botulism?

Answer 7

blurred visions and progresses to paralysis

Question 8

what are the three forms of botulism?

Answer 8

food borne, infant and wound

Question 9

what pathogen causes botulism?

Answer 9

clostridium botulinum

Question 10

how many cases of food borne and wound botulism in the US per year?

Answer 10

about 50

Question 11

what is the most common form of botulism in the US?

Answer 11

infant

Question 12

what are the three approaches to treat botulism?

Answer 12

washing of GI tract, antitoxin, antimicrobials

Question 13

how do you prevent botulism?

Answer 13

destroy endospores in contaminated food

Question 14

do not feed infants what and why?

Answer 14

don’t feed them honey because it can lead to floppy baby syndrome

Question 15

what are the symptoms of tetanus?

Answer 15

prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle and lockjaw

Question 16

what pathogen causes tetanus?

Answer 16

clostridium tetani

Question 17

how can someone acquire tetanus?

Answer 17

through a break in skin or mucous membrane

Question 18

what is the mortality rate of tetanus if left untreated?

Answer 18

50 percent

Question 19

how is tetanus treated?

Answer 19

with passive immunotherapy and antimicrobials

Question 20

how is tetanus prevented?

Answer 20

with the TdaP vaccine

Question 21

virus more readily…?

Answer 21

viruses more readily cross the blood brain barrier

Question 22

viral meningitis symptoms?

Answer 22

similar to bacterial meningitis but more mild

Question 23

what causes viral meningitis?

Answer 23

90 percent of cases are caused by enterovirus

Question 24

how is viral meningitis transmitted?

Answer 24

enter by respiratory or fecal oral route and spread via bloodstream

Question 25

is there a specific treatment for viral meningitis?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

what are the four different types of polio?

Answer 26

asymptomatic infections, minor polio, non paralytic polio and paralytic polio

Question 27

asymptomatic polio

Answer 27

90 percent of cases

Question 28

minor polio

Answer 28

no specific symptoms

Question 29

non paralytic polio

Answer 29

muscle spasms and back pain

Question 30

what pathogen causes polio?

Answer 30

the polio virus

Question 31

how is polio transmitted?

Answer 31

by drinking contaminated water

Question 32

how do you prevent polio?

Answer 32

vaccines (Salk and Sabin)

Question 33

rabies symptoms?

Answer 33

hydrophobia, hallucinations

Question 34

what pathogen causes rabies?

Answer 34

the rabies virus–> lyssavirus

Question 35

how is rabies transmitted?

Answer 35

via vite or scratch from an infected animal

Question 36

the rabies virus does what in the body?

Answer 36

it replicates in muscle cells and then moves into neurons

Question 37

what is the main source of most rabies infections in humans?

Answer 37

bats

Question 38

how is rabies treated?

Answer 38

with rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG)

Question 39

how is rabies prevented?

Answer 39

the Human Diploid Cells Vaccine

Question 40

what kind of viruses are arboviruses?

Answer 40

they are arthropod borne viruses

Question 41

how are arboviruses transmitted?

Answer 41

via blood sucking arthropods

Question 42

what can mosquito borne arboviruses cause?

Answer 42

arboviral encephalitis

Question 43

what are the symptoms of arboviral encephalitis?

Answer 43

fever, weakness, changes in mental state

Question 44

arboviruses caused what?

Answer 44

mild cold like symtpoms

Question 45

what is another name for arboviral encephalitis?

Answer 45

west nile virus

Question 46

how do you prevent arboviral encephalitis?

Answer 46

by limiting contact with mosquitos

Question 47

are there vaccines for arboviral encephalitis?

Answer 47

for horses yes. for humans no

Question 48

primary amebic meningoencephalopathy symptoms?

Answer 48

same as meningitis and encephelitis

Question 49

what pathogen causes primary amebic meningoencephalopathy ?

Answer 49

acanthamoeba and naegleria

Question 50

how do you treat primary amebic meningoencephalopathy ?

Answer 50

drugs have limited success

Question 51

how do you prevent primary amebic meningoencephalopathy ?

Answer 51

avoid contact with contaminated water supplies

Question 52

where do sensory nerves carry signals to?

Answer 52

carry signals towards the CNS

Question 53

where do motor nerves carry signals to?

Answer 53

carry signals away from the CNS

Question 54

what do neuroglia do?

Answer 54

provide support, insulation, nutrients