Microbial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards
what are the symptoms of penumococcal pneumonia?
- short, rapid breathing
- rust colored sputum
what pathogen causes pneumococcal pneumonia?
streptococcus pneumoniae
how is pneumococcal pneumonia transmitted?
inhalation of bacteria
what are the symptoms of primary atypical pneumonia?
- fever
- excessive sweating
what pathogen causes primary atypical pneumonia?
mycoplasma pneumoniae
how is primary atypical pneumonia transmitted?
nasal secretions
what are the symptoms of klebsiella pneumonia?
thick, bloody sputum
what pathogen causes klebsiella pneumonia?
klebsiella pneumoniae
what are the symptoms of Pneumonia Chlamydophila Psittaci?
- flu like
- severe pneumonia
what can Pneumonia Chlamydophila Psittaci cause?
ornithosis
how is Pneumonia Chlamydophila Psittaci transmitted?
inhaling bacteria in bird droppings
what are the symptoms of legionnaire’s disease?
- typical pneumonia symptoms
- complications in GI, CNS, liver and kidneys
what pathogen causes legionnaire’s disease?
legionella pneumophila—> kills human lung cells
what are the symptoms of tuberculosis?
- minor cough
- minor fever
- wheezing
- coughing up blood
how do you treat tuberculosis?
INH (isoniazid) + Rifampin + Ethambutol or streptomycin
how do you prevent tuberculosis?
BCG vaccine
what is primary TB?
hard nodules form in lungs
what is secondary TB?
tubercule ruptures and begins an active infection
what is disseminated TB?
macrophages carry pathogen all over the body
what is the mortality rate of TB?
55% mortality rate in untreated patients
what is TB the leading killer of?
leading killer of HIV+ individuals
where is TB a pandemic in?
pandemic in Asia/Africa
how is pertussis transmitted?
airborne droplets
what is the prevention for pertussis?
DTaP vaccine
what are the symptoms of inhalational anthrax?
Progresses to severe coughing, nausea, lethargy, fainting, shock, and death
how is anthrax transmitted?
Acquired by contact or inhalation of endospores
what is the virulence factors for the flu?
hemagglutinin, neuramidase
how is influenza transmitted?
- inhalation
- self inoculation
what is antigenic drift?
- gene mutation
- occurs every two years
what is antigenic shift?
- reassortment of genes
- occurs every 10 years
what are the symptoms of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection?
- some children develop tracheobronchitis
- leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia
what pathogen causes Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
how is Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection transmitted?
- close contact with infected persons
- survives 5 hours in the environment
- survives 2 hours on skin and facial tissue
what are the symptoms of Hentavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?
- muscle aches
- after 4-10 it can progress to cough, shock and labored breathing
how is Hentavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) transmitted?
from mice
what are the symptoms of Coccidiodomycosis?
- resemble pneumonia and tuberculosis
- can be systemic in immunocompromised individuals
- fatal if spread to brain and spinal cord
how is Coccidiodomycosis transmitted?
inhalation of conidospores from soil
what is Coccidiodomycosis known as and where is it found?-
- known as valley fever
- found in southwest US and northern mexico
what are the symptoms of blastomycosis?
- flu like
- lesions on face and upper body (60-70% of all cases)
how is blastomycosis transmitted?
inhalation of dust with fungal spores
how is blastomycosis treated?
- amphoterecin (10 weeks)
- itraconazole (3-6 months)
what are the symptoms of histoplasmosis?
- asymptomatic in most cases
- symptomatic infections cause thick, bloody sputum or skin lesions
how is histoplasmosis transmitted?
humans inhale airborne spores from the soil
what are the symptoms of Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)?
- anemia
- hypoxia
- untreated destroys lung tissue
how is Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) transmitted?
inhalation of droplets containing the fungus
where is Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) common among?
AIDS patients
