Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Fungi Flashcards
what are the function of glycocalyces?
attachment to surfaces and role in biofilms
what are the two types of glycocalyces?
capsule and slime layer
what is the endoflagella?
structure used to burrow into tissues
what is the function of fimbriae?
Used by bacteria to adhere to one another, to hosts, and attach to substances in environment
what sugar alcohols do gram positive bacteria have?
Contain unique sugar alcohols called teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids
what is the horizontal peptidoglycan layer made of?
NAG and NAM
what does the bacterial cell membrane maintain?
a concentration and electrochemical gradient
what is binary fission?
when one parent cell divides and forms two offspring cells
what are the growth phases of bacteria?
lag, log, stationary, death
what is the lag phase?
bacteria preparing for growth
what is log phase?
approximates an exponential growth
what growth phase is a bacteria in when signs and symptoms of disease occur?
log phase
what are the oxygen requirements of a facultative bacteria?
can grow with or without oxygen, but grows better in the presence of oxygen
what are the viral shapes?
icosahedral, helical, complex tailed, amorphous
what is the viral envelope composed of?
Composed of phospholipid bilayer and virus-encoded glycoproteins
what is the extracellular state of the viral called?
virion
what is a bacteriophage?
a virus that only infects bacteria
what is the function of the +ssRNA of a virus equivalent to?
it has the same function as mRNA
what are the five stages of the viral animal replication cycle?
attachment, entry, synthesis, assembly, release
what does lytic replication usually result in?
it usually results in death and lysis of host cell
what are the three different entries of animal viruses?
direct penetration, membrane fusion, endocytosis
what do all protozoa produce?
all produce trophozoites
what is the difference between trophozoites and cysts?
trophozoites are protozoa in the active feeding stage and cysts are protozoa in a resting stage
how to protozoa acquire nutrition?
most protozoa are chemoheterotrophic
what is amebiasis?
intestinal illness from contaminated water
what is malaria carried by and what is the entry point of the protozoa?
malaria is carried by mosquitoes and the protozoa enter through the apical complex
what are the two components of filamentous fungi?
thallus and mold thalli
what are the cell walls of fungi made of?
chitin
what are single celled yeasts composed of?
yeast thalli
what type of fungi are molds and yeast?
ascomycota
how does the division ascomycota asexually reproduce?
asexually reproduce via conidospores
how does the division ascomycota sexually reproduce?
sexually reproduce via ascopores
what type of fungi is saccharomyces cerevisae?
single celled yeast
what is saccharomyces cerevisae used for?
Used to leaven bread and brew wine and beer
what type of fungi is penicillium and what was derived from it?
it is an ascomycota that was used to create the antibiotic penicillin
what type of fungi is aspergillum?
ascomycota
