Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Fungi

Question 1

what are the function of glycocalyces?

Answer 1

attachment to surfaces and role in biofilms

Question 2

what are the two types of glycocalyces?

Answer 2

capsule and slime layer

Question 3

what is the endoflagella?

Answer 3

structure used to burrow into tissues

Question 4

what is the function of fimbriae?

Answer 4

Used by bacteria to adhere to one another, to hosts, and attach to substances in environment

Question 5

what sugar alcohols do gram positive bacteria have?

Answer 5

Contain unique sugar alcohols called teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids

Question 6

what is the horizontal peptidoglycan layer made of?

Answer 6

NAG and NAM

Question 7

what does the bacterial cell membrane maintain?

Answer 7

a concentration and electrochemical gradient

Question 8

what is binary fission?

Answer 8

when one parent cell divides and forms two offspring cells

Question 9

what are the growth phases of bacteria?

Answer 9

lag, log, stationary, death

Question 10

what is the lag phase?

Answer 10

bacteria preparing for growth

Question 11

what is log phase?

Answer 11

approximates an exponential growth

Question 12

what growth phase is a bacteria in when signs and symptoms of disease occur?

Answer 12

log phase

Question 13

what are the oxygen requirements of a facultative bacteria?

Answer 13

can grow with or without oxygen, but grows better in the presence of oxygen

Question 14

what are the viral shapes?

Answer 14

icosahedral, helical, complex tailed, amorphous

Question 15

what is the viral envelope composed of?

Answer 15

Composed of phospholipid bilayer and virus-encoded glycoproteins

Question 16

what is the extracellular state of the viral called?

Answer 16

virion

Question 17

what is a bacteriophage?

Answer 17

a virus that only infects bacteria

Question 18

what is the function of the +ssRNA of a virus equivalent to?

Answer 18

it has the same function as mRNA

Question 19

what are the five stages of the viral animal replication cycle?

Answer 19

attachment, entry, synthesis, assembly, release

Question 20

what does lytic replication usually result in?

Answer 20

it usually results in death and lysis of host cell

Question 21

what are the three different entries of animal viruses?

Answer 21

direct penetration, membrane fusion, endocytosis

Question 22

what do all protozoa produce?

Answer 22

all produce trophozoites

Question 23

what is the difference between trophozoites and cysts?

Answer 23

trophozoites are protozoa in the active feeding stage and cysts are protozoa in a resting stage

Question 24

how to protozoa acquire nutrition?

Answer 24

most protozoa are chemoheterotrophic

Question 25

what is amebiasis?

Answer 25

intestinal illness from contaminated water

Question 26

what is malaria carried by and what is the entry point of the protozoa?

Answer 26

malaria is carried by mosquitoes and the protozoa enter through the apical complex

Question 27

what are the two components of filamentous fungi?

Answer 27

thallus and mold thalli

Question 28

what are the cell walls of fungi made of?

Answer 28

chitin

Question 29

what are single celled yeasts composed of?

Answer 29

yeast thalli

Question 30

what type of fungi are molds and yeast?

Answer 30

ascomycota

Question 31

how does the division ascomycota asexually reproduce?

Answer 31

asexually reproduce via conidospores

Question 32

how does the division ascomycota sexually reproduce?

Answer 32

sexually reproduce via ascopores

Question 33

what type of fungi is saccharomyces cerevisae?

Answer 33

single celled yeast

Question 34

what is saccharomyces cerevisae used for?

Answer 34

Used to leaven bread and brew wine and beer

Question 35

what type of fungi is penicillium and what was derived from it?

Answer 35

it is an ascomycota that was used to create the antibiotic penicillin

Question 36

what type of fungi is aspergillum?

Answer 36

ascomycota