Microbial Control In The Environment

Question 1

Drugs

Answer 1

Chemicals that affect physiology in any manner

Question 2

Chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 2

Drugs that act against diseases

Question 3

Antimicrobral agents

Answer 3

Drugs that treat infections

Question 4

Antibiotics

Answer 4

Antimicrobial agents that are produced naturally by an organism

Question 5

Semisynthetic antimicrobials

Answer 5

Chemically altered antibiotics

Question 6

Synthetic antimicrobials

Answer 6

Lab-synthesized antimicrobral drugs

Question 7

Spectrum of action

Answer 7

Number of different pathogens a drug acts against

Question 8

Narrow-spectrum

Answer 8

Effective against few organisms

Question 9

Broad-spectrum

Answer 9

Effective against many organisms

Question 10

Routes of administration

Answer 10

Topical, oral intramuscular, intravenous

Question 11

Disruption of normal microbiota

Answer 11

May result in secondary infections, overgrowth of normal flora causing secondary infections, of greatest concern for hospitalized patients

Question 12

CDC three threat levels for microbial resistance

Answer 12

Urgent, serious, and concerning

Question 13

Urgent

Answer 13

Potential for widespread life threatening disease

Question 14

Serious

Answer 14

Alternative available or disease incidence is low or declining

Question 15

Concerning

Answer 15

Low threat or numerous antimicrobials are available for treatment

Question 16

Synergism

Answer 16

Occurs when one drug enhances the effect of a second drug

Question 17

Antagonism

Answer 17

Occurs when drugs interfere with each other

Question 18

Persister

Answer 18

Cells with the same genome as others of the same species, but that display greater resistance to antimicrobial agents

Question 19

Pieces of dna, not apart of the normal chromosome, that give the bacteria antimicrobial resistance properties

Answer 19

R plasmids

Question 20

The ratio of the dose of a drug that can be tolerated compared with the drugs effective dosage

Answer 20

Therapeutic index

Question 21

Proteins made by bacteria to inhibit or kill other bacteria that may be copied in a lab to produce medications

Answer 21

Bacteriotocins

Question 22

When multiple drugs are similar in structure or function a pathogen may be resistant to both. This is

Answer 22

Cross resistance