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ABBEY MSII Unit 2 > Micro U2 L6. > Flashcards

Micro U2 L6. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the viruses in order from most to least common that cause skin manifestations?

A

Herpesviruses, Coxsackie virus, papilloma virus, poxvirus, measles, rubella

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2
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin, non infectious

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3
Q

exanthem

A

an eruptive disease, infectious RASH

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4
Q

macular, macule

A

flat, discolored patch

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5
Q

papular, papule

A

raised, discolored patch

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6
Q

vesicular, vesicle

A

raised, fluid filled blister

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7
Q

erythema, erythematous

A

redness

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8
Q

petechial, petechiae

A

tiny, dark spots due to localized hemorrhage

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9
Q

pruritic, pruritis

A

itchy

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10
Q

pustular, pustule

A

vesicle filled with pus

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11
Q

umbilicated

A

pustule with dimple (umbilicous) in center

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12
Q

Herpesvirus

A

large, enveloped DNA viruses, 8 species, most people with 3+ - establish latency in neurons or lymphocytes during primary infection - infection by secretions and mucous membranes

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13
Q

Primary Herpes simplex virus type 1

A

-usually in childhood by close contact - lesions on mouth, face, nose, eyes - latency in dorsal root ganglia - usually above waste

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14
Q

Recurrent HSV-1

A

herpes labialis (cold sores) - recurrences triggered by fever, UV exposure, hormones, stress, physical trauma - contagious

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15
Q

Treatment for HSV-1

A

oral acyclovir

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16
Q

HSV keratitis

A

primary infection in the eye often occurs at birth from vaginal mucosa - caused by recurrence of HSV-1 or 2 - can cause corneal scarring and vision loss - mediated by infiltration of T cells that destroy the cornea

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17
Q

Treatment for HSV keratitis

A

antivirals to prevent corneal damage - corneal transplant may be needed

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18
Q

Herpetic Whitlow

A

primary HSV-1 or 2 of non-mucosal sites - acquired by direct contact - usually by dentists, hospital workers, wrestlers - recurrences in unusual sites (Hands, legs, back) - prevent with gloves

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19
Q

HSV-2

A

genital herpes - extensive vesicular, pustular, erythematous lesions on penis, labia, anus - can also have pain, itching, fever, malaise, headache

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20
Q

Recurrent genital herpes

A

prodrome: itching, tingling at lesion site a day before outbreak - lesions are contagious, but transmission can occur without symptoms

21
Q

Varicella-zoster virus

A

HSV 3 - chicken pox (varicella) - latency in neurons of dorsal root ganglia where it can reactivate along the dermatome to cause shingles (zoster)

22
Q

Varicella rash

A

“dew drops on a rose petal” - few to hundreds on face and trunk - itch, vesicular, form scabs - 1-2 week incubation

23
Q

Varicella treatment/prevention

A

varivax vaccine (live attenuated) - acyclovir and foscarnet

24
Q

VZV (varicella) recurrence

A

herpes zoster - prodrome: burning, itching, tingling - outbreak along single dermatome - painful and pruritic vesicular lesion

25
Q

Zoster vaccine

A

zostavax (only 50% effective)

26
Q

HZO: herpes zoster ophthalmicus

A

30% zoster outbreaks affect face - zoster in eye can destroy retina causing blindness

27
Q

EBV: primary infectious mononucleosis

A

infects B cells and epithelia of oropharynx - 90% of population by adulthood - childhood infections often asymptomatic - NO RASH

28
Q

EBV recurrences

A

latent in small fraction of B cells - most people asymptomatic - recurrences linked to B cell cancers esp in immunocompromised

29
Q

Oral hair leukoplakia

A

epithelial overgrowth caused by EBV - non painful hairy or feathery lesions on the tongue or buccal mucosa - associated with immunosuppressed - no treatment :(

30
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

usually asymptomatic, childhood - when there are symptoms - similar to IM caused by EBV

31
Q

How are cytomegalovirus and EBV symptoms distinguished?

A

EBV has lack of sore throat and presence of petechial rash and jaundice (IM has no rash!!)

32
Q

Roseola: Exanthem subitum

A

HHV6b and 7 - infect CD4 cells - site of latency - transmitted in saliva. 90% of children have had it twice by age 2

33
Q

Roseola rash

A

3 day illness of high fever followed by a faint rash on the trunk - no antibiotics because that may cause a rash too

34
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HHV8 - no known disease with primary infection. prevalent in african, mediterranean, homosexual populations (maybe sexual) - found in B cell and endothelial cells (latency?)

35
Q

KSHV recurrence

A

linked to cancer esp kaposi’s sarcoma - body cavity-based lymphomas

36
Q

Coxsackie virus

A

RNA virus - enteroviridae

37
Q

Skin manifestations of coxsackie

A

herpangina: throat infection causes red-ringed blisters and ulcers on tonsils and soft palate AND hemorrhage conjunctivitis: begins as eye pain, then red, watery eyes with swelling, light sensitivity, blurred vision

38
Q

Hand, foot and mouth disease

A

painful red blisters in throat, tongue, gums, hard palate, inside of cheeks, and palms of hands and soles of feet (coxsackie virus) - spread on hands and surfaces contaminated by poop and saliva

39
Q

Human papilloma virus

A

small, naked DNA virus - infects skin, genitals, cervix, anus, mucosa - spread by direct contact

40
Q

Poxvirus skin rash

A

small pox! - others are MCV and monkey pox

41
Q

MCV - molluscum vontagiousum virus

A

pearly appearance of the vesicles - lack of inflammation = pale and shiny also UMBILICATE - by skin-skin contact or by fomites (tatooing, wrestling, towels) - most common in children - need physical removal

42
Q

Monkey Pox

A

indistinguishable from small pox - fatality 10-15%, endemic to west and central africa - natural host squirrels with disease in humans and monkeys - transmission by direct contact, aerosol, ingestion, needles, person-person -> protected by small pox vaccine

43
Q

Variola virus

A

small pox! - lethal epidemics - fever, severe aching pains and prostration - umbilicate papular rash over face and extremities - death week 2 from overwhelming infection

44
Q

Vaccina virus

A

smallpox vaccination (blend of variola and other poxviruses) - LIVE vaccine

45
Q

Measles virus

A

paramyxovirus, enveloped, negative strand RNA - contagious during incubation period - cough, conjunctivitis, fever, rash

46
Q

Measles rash

A

Kopliks’ - small red spots with bluish centers on buccal mucosa

47
Q

Rubella virus

A

togavirus, enveloped, postive strand RNA - respiratory virus, aerosol spread - congenital infections severe

48
Q

Rubella rash

A

maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia

ABBEY MSII Unit 2 (19 decks)

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