Micro U2 L11 I think. Flashcards
Zoonotic diseases
contagious diseases passed from animal to human - human pop is not part of life cycle - accidental, dead end host
Reservoir
non-human animal species that maintains infection (may/may not show disease symptoms)
Vector
transmits pathogen from reservoir to other animal (arthropods taking blood meal fucking vampires) - vector not always required
Bacillus anthracis: vector or no vector?
no vector
Francisella tularensis: vector or no vector?
ticks, mosquitos, deer flies (wtf is a deer fly)
Brucella species: vector or no vector?
no vector
Yersinia pestis: vector or no vector?
fleas
Bartonella henselae: vector or no vector?
fleas and maybe ticks
Bacillus anthracis: what is it? ;)
causes anthrax! by forming spores and creates dark sores - usually from livestock esque exposure
What are the different forms of bacillus anthracis?
- cutaneous: small sore that develops into blister - develops into ulcer with black area - significant edema - DOES NOT HURT 2. gastrointestinal: nausea, loss of appetite, bloody diarrhea (gross), fever, bad stomach pain 3. inhalation: cold or flu symptoms and can include sore through, mild fever, muscle aches - later symptoms = SOB, cough, tiredness, muscle aches
Francisella tularemia
cool painting - aerobic gram negative and more virulent in US/Canada - you will get it from Z
MC form of francisella tularemia
ulceroglandular - tick/deer fly bite or handling weird animals like Z - skin ulcer at site where organism entered - swelling of regional lymph glands
Other forms of francisella tularemia
- glandular (similar to ulceroglandular but no ulcer) 2. oculoglandular - bacteria enters through eye 3. oropharyngeal - results from eating or drinking contaminated food/water 4. pneumonic - cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing
Most serious form Francisella tularemia
pneumonic
How do humans acquire tularemia in a weird way?
farming/landscaping activités - please don’t hit Z with a lawn mower - can result in pneumonic tularemia
Brucella - cattle signs
third trimester abortions, retained placenta, endometritis, birth of dead or weak calves :( , low milk yiels
Brucella transmission to humans
contact of conjunctiva or broken skin with infected tissues; ingestion; inhalation of infectious aerosols (in pens, stables, slaughter houses - don’t go to Annabelle’s)
Human disease with brucella
can affect any organ or organ system - cyclical fever in acute disease - variability in acute clinical signs (headache, weakness, arthralgia, depression, weight loss, fatigue, liver shit)
Brucellosis complications (from most to least common)
complications in bones and joints - osteoarticular complications; hepatomegaly/splenomegaly; GI complications; genitourinary involvement; neuro; cardio
Brucella bacteriology
gram negative
Brucella treatment
doxycycline (this dude loves doxycycline) 6+ weeks
THE PLAGUE - where does it come from?
wild and domestic rodents/fleas - caused specifically by gram - yersinia pests
Clinical presentation of the Plague
incubation 1-6 days; history of exposure to the little shits; then bubonic (rapid onset fever - painful lymph nodes), pneumonic (high fever, pneumonia, bloody sputum, chills), or septicemic (fever, prostration, hemorrhagic or thrombotic phenomena, acral gangrene gross)
First line therapy plague
parenteral antibiotic with streptomycin
Leptospira bacteriology
caused by L. interrogans - tiny, corkscrew motion, needs dark field microscope, can live outside host for weeks - shed in urine - passed to humans by contact with contaminated water and through ATVing
Clinical presentation of leptospirosis
acute febrile illness (5-7 days) followed by either more mild, self-limiting symptoms or severe multiorgan involvement (delayed/immune phase)
Blood work for leptospira
anemia from DIC, elevated urea nitrogen and serum creatinine from renal infection, elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase from liver, elevated serum creatine kinase levels from muscle infection
Leptospira treatment
penicillin G, maintain hydration, supportive care - Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
Bartonella henselae
CAT SCRATCH FEVER meow meow - from kittens to children usually, also from fleas -
Bartonella henselae symptoms
fever, enlarged, tender lymph nodes - 1-2 weeks after exposure (papule/pustule where the asshole bit you) - can sometimes get granulomatous conjunctivits, neuroretinitis, atypical pneumonia, endocarditis
Bacillary angiomatosis
occur in immunocompromised - skin, subcutaneous, bone lesions
Bartonella henselae treatment
self limited - if extensive then azithromycin
Pathogens associated with dog bites
Capnocytophaga canimorsus (also pasteurella multocida)
Pathogens associated with cat bites
pasteurella multocida (also bartonella henselae and capnocytophaga canimorsus)
Pasteurella multocida
cat bite infection - clinical evidence of wound infection within a few hours - cellulitis or abscesses - occasional cause of pneumonia/endocarditis
Pasteurella treatment
amoxicillin, doxycyclin, penicillin (cephalosporin, cloxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin not effective idk why)
Capnocytophaga canimorus
anaerobic gram-negative rod - normal oral flora of dogs. causes cellulitis, bactermia, meningitis, endocarditis - sepsis in splenic patients, alcoholics, immunosuppressed
Treatment capnocytophaga canimorus
amoxicillin for mild, penicillin g for severe
