micro (transpo) Flashcards
the rapid development of the transportation sector and the application of technological innovations which enable tourists to reach many destinations of the world are just some of the reasons why transportation has been an integral part of tourism and hospitality industry.
the transportation sector According to Dr. MdusCMgr, (2016)
This was before widespread industrialization in Europe and North America. There were few common carriers and almost no regularly scheduled transportation services. Travelers made their arrangements with several suppliers, and only a few people had the money and the reason to travel.
Pre-Industrial Travel System Era
Transportation and Travel Evolution
Pre-Industrial Travel System Era
Early-Industrial Travel System Era
Mature-Railway System Era
Express-Travel System Era
Automobile-Based Travel System Era
Modern-Tourism Travel System Era
Post-Mobility Adjustment Era
Road improvements such as railways, canals, and steamship services were brought about due to innovation and transportation technology advances. Travel increased because more people had money to travel, so common carriers came into existence and began offering regularly scheduled transportation services.
Early-Industrial Travel System Era
Thomas Cook, an innovator in the travel field, began his company’s activities in the United Kingdom in 1840. More people traveled than in the previous era. Railways began to market their services more aggressively than travel agencies and tour companies were formed. This era was characterized by railways that expanded their operations by running hotels and providing other travel-related services.
Mature-Railway System Era
Trains and other forms of transportation did not stop at every station or terminal but only at the major ones. This increased the speed of travel and encouraged more travel than before.
Express-Travel System Era
The influence of the privately-owned automobile was enhanced in North America and Europe from the 1920s onward. Motorways, interstate highways, and other trunk highways were developed from 1920 to 1974. The automobile was predominant over other travel modes from 1920 to 1945.
Automobile-Based Travel System Era
The period from 1945 to 1974 is known as the ____ travel system era. Car ownership continued to multiply at the expense of long-distance rail travel, while mass air travel was another post-World War II occurrence. The introduction of wide-bodied jets in 1970 greatly increased air travel, and in the 1950s to 1960s, mass tourism philosophy, and marketing approaches arose.
Modern-Tourism Travel System Era
This era began in 1973 to 1974 due to the oil embargo generated by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the resulting increase in fuel prices. The events of the energy crisis changed travel patterns throughout the world. In this era, travelers continue to look for an alternative, group-oriented modes of transportation.
Post-Mobility Adjustment Era
Whether transportation plays an important role in enriching the travel experience of a tourist depends on the mode of transport and the frequency of use. Transportation can turn into separate tourist attraction elements such as cruising, orient express trains, boat trips along the river, and other types of transportation are the best examples of tourist attractions (Mammadov, n.d).
Transportation Mode
Selection of Transportation Mode
Air Transportation
Automobile Transportation
Railway Transportation
Sea Transportation
One of the most important transportation modes in tourism is air travel. Air travel has made significant changes in people’s minds concerning time and distance. Airlines spend billions of dollars and apply new technological innovations to meet air transport demand. The air travel industry developed rapidly with an unparalleled role in long-distance travel. Examples of air transport vehicles include airplanes, helicopters, hot air balloons, and gliders.
Air Transportation
In short distances, automobile transportation, such as private cars, vans, and buses, come forward compared to other modes of transport. Automobile transportation makes it easy to see local cultures and nations. It presents great flexibility in contrast to other modes of transportation (Oter, 2007). The importance of this mode in tourism is also very important. Tourists frequently use this mode of transportation because it offers low prices compared to air transportation.
Automobile Transportation
This type of transportation is considered the oldest one. In the 19th Century, railways were frequently used. Railways are used more to transport loads in many countries because tourists prefer air or automobile transportation. Though, there are railroads that have been included in touristic packages. But nowadays, the application of technology and technological innovation gave birth to fast trains, which compete with air and automobile transportation modes. Examples of railway transport are high-speed, regional, rapid transit, and freight trains.
Railway Transportation
This includes cruise travel, boat travel, yachting, and ferry travel. Cruise ships, known as sailing hotels, provide tourists with indispensable travel opportunities. While traveling on a cruise ship, tourists can see several countries at a time. Other sea transportations are maritime vessels and cargo such as ro-ro and container vessels, crude, and bulk carriers
Sea Transportation
is the activity of visiting a place to participate in activities that are relaxing or diverting from normal routines, such as parks, museums, historic sites, and theaters.
Meaning of Recreation and Leisure
Attractions
Natural Attractions
Purpose Built Attractions
Heritage Attractions
Recreation Attractions
Commercial Attractions
Industrial Attractions
These are the “mainsprings” that drive many people to travel. Examples include national parks, forests, botanical parks, and zoological parks.
Natural Attractions
These are attractions that have been purposely developed for tourism. These could include a wide range of tourist attractions, such as a theme park, a zoo, or an art gallery.
Purpose Built Attractions
These appeal to those inspired to learn more about contemporary and long- vanished civilizations. Examples of these attractions are the Great Wall of China and the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras.
Heritage Attractions
These maintain and provide access to indoor and outdoor facilities where people can participate in sports and other recreational activities such as bowling, camping, fishing, and golfing.
Recreation Attractions
These are retail operations dealing in gifts, handcrafted goods, arts, and souvenirs that attract tourists. Examples include shopping centers and boutiques.
Commercial Attractions
Factory tours are growing, and manufacturers have developed elaborate facilities to handle tourists. Wineries and breweries are examples of these attractions.
Industrial Attractions
is a subset of the gaming industry
Gaming entertainment
includes various activities, including casinos (both land bases and riverboats), card games, charitable games, lottery-operated games, and betting on greyhound and horse races.
gaming industry
Games and Facilities Found Inside the Casino
Table Games
Card Games
Slot Machine/Video Games
Keno and Bingo
Race and Sports Books
Casino Cage
Surveillance
Ancillary Departments
These involve wagering or betting between the casino and customers. These include dice/craps games, roulette, the Big 6 wheel, pai-gow, and any other type of gaming where wages are placed on a table or table layout as an integral part of the game.
Table Games
These are different from table games in that the casino does not wager against the player but merely offers games in which players can gamble against each other with the casino providing or dealing with the games. Some examples of card games are blackjack, baccarat, and poker
Card Games
feature simulated or actual spinning reels activated by the pull of a handle or the push of a button. Pay-offs are based on a computerized random number generator program or the alignment of the same graphics or symbols on each reel, such as “three cherries across.” Video games include video poker, keno, bingo, or lottery terminals.
Slot Machine/Video Games
These are both based on a random number
Keno and Bingo
Racebooks involve wagering on horse track betting, while sportsbooks feature wagering on professional and collegiate sporting events.
Race and Sports Books
The financial customer transactions and accounting for monies handled on the casino floor represent integral activities for the cage.
Casino Cage
It maintains a careful watch on all gaming activities through the use of high-tech cameras and video recording devices. It is also known as the “eye in the sky.”
Surveillance
These are the support departments that include restaurant operations, bars, and entertainment centers such as lounges or showrooms and lodging facilities.
Ancillary Departments
Reasons for Visiting Casino
The Lure of Gambling
Recreation and Entertainment
Social
Economic
Curiosity
Amenity Offerings
Many people just like to gamble, wager, or enter games of chance or skill.
The Lure of Gambling
A casino environment is an exciting form of entertainment, and for many, it is a mental escape from the stressful pressures of work.
Recreation and Entertainment
Senior citizens and retirees are drawn to casinos for social interaction with other customers and the casino’s employees.
Social
Some casinos operate and offer low room rates to attract gamblers
Economic
Today’s mega resorts having must-see facilities motivate curiosity seekers to visit them.
Curiosity
Hotels/casinos draw people to their health spas, hair salons, beauty parlors, barbershops, amusement centers, and theme parks.
Amenity Offerings
