Micro poop 1.

Question 1

direct contact

Answer 1

infecting agent goes from infected person to another person

Question 2

indirect contact

Answer 2

contaminated equipment/inanimate objects

Question 3

respiratory transmission

Answer 3

airborne or droplet

Question 4

What is the difficulty with eliminating MRSA?

Answer 4

can survive for 6-12 weeks on inanimate objects

Question 5

What are standard precautions?

Answer 5

clean hands, covering mouth and nose when coughing/sneezing, wear gown/glove if soiling likely

Question 6

What are respiratory precautions?

Answer 6

use of N95 mask and gown, private negative pressure room, patients wear surgical mask

Question 7

When are respiratory precautions used? (examples)

Answer 7

TB, chickenpox, shingles, measles, flu

Question 8

What are droplet precautions?

Answer 8

transmitted when patient coughs, sneezes, talks, and during procedures. wear surgical masks, gown, frequent hand washing

Question 9

When are droplet precautions used?

Answer 9

bacterial meningitis, flu, pertussis (whopping cough), mumps

Question 10

What are contact precautions?

Answer 10

use of gowns, gloves, alcohol based hand washing

Question 11

When are contact precautions used?

Answer 11

when there will be direct and/or indirect contact - multi-drug resistant organisms (MRSA), rotavirus, scabies, wounds, abscesses with unconfined drainage

Question 12

What are contact PLUS precautions?

Answer 12

hand washing must be done with soap and water - not alcohol based rub**, room must be disinfected with bleach

Question 13

When are contact PLUS precautions used?

Answer 13

C-diff, acute diarrhea, norovirus, rotavirus, campylobacter, cryptosporidium, salmonella, shigella

Question 14

When is reverse isolation used?

Answer 14

a method ot prevent a patient in a compromised health situation from being contaminated by other people or objects - individuals must wear surgical mask, gloves, gown

Question 15

What is the most resistant to antiseptics and disinfectants

Answer 15

bacterial spores, followed by TB, then non-lipid viruses (polio), fungi, vegetative bacteria (salmonella), lipid virus (HIV)

Question 16

sterilization

Answer 16

a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life and is carried out in health-care facilities by physical or chemical methods. living tissue cannot be sterilized**

Question 17

disinfection

Answer 17

process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores*, on inanimate objects (mainly reduce number of organisms)

Question 18

antisepsis

Answer 18

reduction of microorganisms on living skin/tissue - do not kill spores and cannot be used as disinfectants

Question 19

What are examples of critical items to be disinfected?

Answer 19

items that enter normally sterile parts of human body - surgical instruments, implants, invasive monitoring devises

Question 20

What are examples of semicritical items to be disinfected?

Answer 20

items that come into contact with mucous membranes or non intact skin - respiratory therapy and anesthesia equipment, endoscopes, laryngoscope blades, esophageal manometry probes

Question 21

What are examples of noncritical items to be disinfected?

Answer 21

come in contact with skin but not mucous membranes - bedpans, bp cuffs, crutches, computers

Question 22

How are critical items disinfected?

Answer 22

physical methods

Question 23

How are semi critical items disinfected?

Answer 23

high-level disinfectant

Question 24

How are non critical items disinfected?

Answer 24

alcohols, phenolics, halogens, quaternary ammonium compounds

Question 25

What are the physical means of sterilization?

Answer 25

steam sterilization (autoclaving) most widely used**, dry heat, irradiation (used for single-use medical supplies), filtration, gas sterilization (dangerous), plasma sterilization

Question 26

What are chemical means of sterilization?

Answer 26

alcohols, halogens, chlorhexidine, phenolics, quaternary ammonium

Question 27

When is alcohol used as a disinfectant?

Answer 27

used as surface disinfectant and antiseptic agent - intermediate and low level disinfection

Question 28

When are halogens used as a disinfectant?

Answer 28

chlorine can be used against bacterial spores/TB, iodine for antisepsis of skin, chlorhexidine used for general skin cleansing, surgical scrub, pre=operative

Question 29

When are phenolics used as a disinfectant?

Answer 29

active ingredients in household disinfectants - few effects for gram-negative - used most to prevent surgical site infections

Question 30

When are quaternary ammonium compounds used as a disinfectant?

Answer 30

letal to a wide variety of organisms except endospores, TB, non-enveloped viruses

Question 31

When is silver used as a disinfectant?

Answer 31

control bacterial groups by releasing nanosilver linings

Question 32

When is copper used as a disinfectant?

Answer 32

continuously reduces bacterial contamination for both gram - and + - continuous to kill even after repeated contamination - increasingly used as medical equipment