Immunology Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is a TNF?
has inflammatory effects (primary mediator of septic shock which causes vascular damage)
Why do we want to block TNF?
reduce inflammation
What is the purpose of cytokines and interleukins?
regulate immune response
IL-1
made by macrophages, stimulates T cells, B cells, liver cells, etc
IL-2
produced by T cells - T cell growth factor (can also stimulate B cells and macrophages)
IL-3
CSF stimulator
What is CSF?
Colony stimulating factor (induce the growth of bone marrow derived cells and differentiation)
IL-4
B cell growth factor (important in T-cell stimulation of B-lymphocytes)
IL-5
B cell growth factor, B cell differentiation factor, and eosinophil growth factor
IL-6
principal mediator of the acute phase response of inflammation
IL-10
stimulates the induction of TH-2 cytokines
IL-12
stimulates TH1 responses
IL-17
involved in inflammation
What are inferferons??
interfere with viruses - non virally infected cells are protected from viruses - stimulate macrophages, T cell, B cells, NK cells
What is an NK cell?
lymphocyte - kills tumor cells and some virally infected cells without specificity
What is a cytotoxic T-cell?
regulation of the immune response (CD8) - antigen specific - restricted to killing cells that have self antigen in addition to foreign antigen
What is a lymphocyte?
B and T cells
What is a monocyte?
circulating precursor cell to macrophage
What is a dendritic cell?
activation of T cells and initiation of adaptive immune response
What is a mast cell?
expulsion of parasites through release of granules (esp histamine)
What is a macrophage?
phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms - activation of T cells and initiation of immune responses
What is a eosinophil?
killing of antibody-coated parasites through release of granule contents
Where do monocytes come from?
bone marrow derived (called macrophages when enter tissues)
What is a neutrophil?
phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
CD3
mature T cells
CD4
T-helper
CD8
T-cytotoxic
CD28
recognition of presenting cells
CD40
co-stimulatory molecule
CD25
IL-2 receptor (high affinity)
What is an opsonin? Give an example
something that increases phagocytosis by binding to the antigen - example: complement
