Immunology Lecture 14:15.

Question 1

adjuvent

Answer 1

compound that increases the immunogenicity of an antigen (most common is aluminum salt)

Question 2

passive immunization

Answer 2

use of immune serum to give immediate resistance to an infection (used in rabies and tetanus)

Question 3

active immunization

Answer 3

immunizing with antigens to induce an immune response to a pathogen. patient’s body makes long term memory

Question 4

live attenuated

Answer 4

weakened virus that can replicate to a limited extent (MMR vaccine)

Question 5

herd immunity

Answer 5

enough people are immunized so protects the spread of infection

Question 6

Diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus vaccine (DPT)

Answer 6

used to use whole cell but now use acellular so boosters are needed

Question 7

polio

Answer 7

almost irradicated now - use inactivated polio - unless immunosuppressed then use innactivated

Question 8

MMR

Answer 8

live attenuated - must give at least 1 year of age because mother’s antibodies will protect otherwise

Question 9

rubella

Answer 9

most likely a problem with pregnant women because of birth defects

Question 10

rabies

Answer 10

immunoglobulin if you have not had the vaccine

Question 11

HPV vaccine

Answer 11

protects against type 16 & 18 because most common with cervical cancer

Question 12

Cellular Immunodeficiency

Answer 12

also DiGeorge Syndrome - lack of thymus as a result of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches and 21q11.2 deletion

Question 13

What are the most common immunodeficiencies?

Answer 13

humoral - esp. IgA

Question 14

What is the most important immune cell?

Answer 14

neutrophils - no neutrophils = real issue

Question 15

SCIDS

Answer 15

X linked - need bone marrow transplant - decreased lymphocytes (B, T, and NK cells)

Question 16

What is the major defect in SCIDS?

Answer 16

gamma chain defect in receptor, lose IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, etc

Question 17

What is the main marker missing with humoral immunodeficiency?

Answer 17

CD19

Question 18

X-linked agammagobulinemia

Answer 18

absence of B cells because of CD40L deficiency - plenty of IgM but lack IgG - no germinal centers in lymph nodes

Question 19

What are the receptors missing in X-linked agammaglobulinemia? What is the effect?

Answer 19

CD40-CD40L, B and activated macrophages affected

Question 20

IgA deficiency

Answer 20

2/3 asymptomatic, look at family history

Question 21

What are the most common infections with complement deficiency?

Answer 21

meningitis and neisseria

Question 22

Phagocyte deficiency

Answer 22

infections only controlled by activated macrophages - have unusual infections and usual infection with uncommon course

Question 23

What are patients with phagocyte deficiency most vulnerable to?

Answer 23

catalase + bacteria - breaks down peroxide produced by neutrophils, while enough peroxide is produced for catalase - bacteria

Question 24

No C3

Answer 24

bacterial infections